CLADONIA. ] CLADONIEI, 153 
A very anomalous form, distinguished by the podetia being rougher 
and here and there nodulose, as also by the form of their apices. In our 
British specimens the apothecia are small and but sparingly present. 
Hab, On the ground in upland localities. — Distr. Very local and scarce 
in S. and W. England.—B. M.;: Near Shiere, Surrey ; Brighton Downs, 
Sussex; Bathampton Downs, Somersetshire. 
22. C. pungens Florke, Clad. (1828) p. 156.—'TThallus squa- 
mulose, evanescent at the base; podetia slender, erect or ascending, 
much and divaricately branched, glabrous or subverruculose, greyish- 
or sometimes brownish-white; branches attenuato-subulate and 
divergenti-furcate at the apices, which are often reddish-brown 
(K+ yellow, CaCl—). Apotbecia small, brownish ; spores 0,010-13 
mm. long, 0,0035-40 mm. thick.—Gray, Nat. Arr. 1. p. 415; Sm. 
Eng. Fl. v. p. 235; Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xviii. 
p. 406, Lich. Fl. p. 56, ed. 3, p. 53; Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 113.— 
Cladonia furcata 3. pungens Mudd, Man. p. 58, Brit. Clad. p. 23; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 20. . Lichen pungens Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 202, 
Eng- Bot. t. 2444. Lichen rangiferinus B. sylvaticus Huds. FI. 
Angl. p. 458; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii, p. 879. Lichen rangiferinus 
var. 2, With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 42. Corallvides frutiéult specie 
candicans, corniculis rufescentibus Dill. Muse. 110, t. 16. f. 304. 
Lichenoides tubulosum ramosissimum, fruticuli sperie candicans, cor- 
niculis rufescentibus Dill. in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, p. 67, n. 15.—Brit. 
Exs.: Leight. n. 16; Mudd, n. 16 pro parte, Clad. nos. 54, 59; 
Cromb. n. 123. 
In general appearance this resembles smaller states of Cladina sylvatica, 
with which it was frequently confouuded by the older authors. Its 
affinities, however, are entirely with C. furcata, though, apart from the 
reaction, there are sufficient diversities in habit and the character of the 
podetia to entitle ic to rank asa distinct species. It forms densely con- 
gested and intricate tufts, which sometimes spread extensively. The 
podetia, which are often of « brownish colour, are rather fragile, small, 
and attenuate at the subpungent apices. It is comparatively rare in fruit, 
though in some situations the apothecia are abundant and more or less 
‘conglomerate. ; 
Hab. On the ground among mosses and short grass in maritime and 
upland situations.—Distr. General and common in most parts of Eng- 
land; apparently much rarer in Scotland, Ireland, and the Channel 
Islands.—B. M.: Island of Sark. Near Hemsby, Norfolk; Epping 
Forest, Essex; Esher, Surrey; Shoreham, Sussex; Lydd, Kent; Isle of 
Wicht; Dartmoor, Devonshire; near Penzance and St. Merryn, Corn- 
wall; Bretch, Oxfordshire ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire; Dovedale, 
Derbyshire ; Haughmond Hill, Shropshire ; Delamere Forest, Cheshire ; 
Aberdovey, Merionethshire ; near Ayton and Clittrigg, Cleveland, York- 
shire; Windermere, Westmoreland; St. Bees, Cumberland. New Gal- 
loway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Barcaldine, 
Argyleshire ; Countesswells Wood, near Aberdeen. Warrenscourt and 
Macroon, co. Cork. 
Form 1. nivea Koerb. Syst. Lich. (1855) p. 55.— Podetia erect, 
crowded, very white.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 45.—Beomyces 
pungens j. niveus Ach, Meth. (1808) p.304. 
