CLADONIA. | CLADONIEL. 161 
Hab. On rotten rails and stumps of trees in upland districts — Distr. 
Somewhat scarce, occurring here and there throughout England, rare 
in S. Scotland and in the 8. and W. Highlands; not yet seen from 
Treland.—B. M.: Edgefield, Norfolk; Chelsfield, Kent; St. Leonard’s 
Forest, Sussex; Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants; Crown East Wood, 
near Worcester; Aymestry, Herefordshire ; Bagot’s Park, Staffordshire ; 
Llandrindod, Radnorshire ; Easby Wood and Kildale, Cleveland, York- 
shire; Wastdale, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; 
Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Craig Calliach, Killin, Perthshire. 
B. ERYTHROCARP.A.—A pothecia scarlet. 
31. C. coccifera Scher. Spic. (1823) p. 24.—Thallus squamulose 
or subfoliaceous at the base; squamules somewhat firm, crenate or 
incised, greyish-green ; podetia somewhat short, glabrous, unequally 
granuloso-corticate, subsimple, scyphiferous, greenish- or whitish- 
yellow; scyphi subregular, dilated (Kf+ yellow, K(CaCl)+ yellow). 
Apothecia sessile or pedicellate, often confluent; spores oblong or 
oblongo-ellipsoid, 0,009-11 mm. long, 0,0035 mm. thick.—Cromb. 
Grevillea, xi. p. 114; Mudd, Man. p. 60, t.i. f. 11 pro parte; Brit. 
Clad. p. 28 pro parte. Scyphophora coccifera Gray, Nat. Arr. i. 
p. 423. Cenomyce coccifera Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 63; Tayl. in 
Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 81 pro parte. Lichen cocciferus Linn. Sp. Pl. 
(1753) p. 1151; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 866; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 
p- 39; Eng. Bot. t. 2051. Cladonia cornucopioides Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 21; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 66, ed. 3, p. 62. Coralloides scy- 
phiforme, tuberculis coccineis Dill. Muse. 82, t. 14. f. 7a-r, G-1. 
Lichenoides tubulosum pyaxidatum, tuberculis ameene coceinets Dill. in 
Ray, Syn. ed. 3, p. 69, n. 35.— Lichen cornucopioides Linn. Sp. Pl. 
p. 1151 (post cocciferum), according to the specimen in his own 
Herb., is not referable to this plant.— Brit. Hxs.: Mudd, n. 23, Clad. 
nos. 65, 66; Leight. n. 404 & 375 pro parte; Bohl. n. 40. 
In various respects this resembles C. pyaidata of the preceding section, 
but is at once distinguished by the scarlet apothecia, which, however, in 
old age (and also in herbaria) frequently become denigrate. When 
sterile, the colour of the podetia, the less dilated aniine of the scyphi, 
and the chemical reactions prevent it from being confounded with pyzi- 
data. It is a somewhat variable species with respect to the podetia, 
which are either regular and simple (stemmatina Ach.), or proliferous 
from the margins (eztensa Ach.), occasionally becoming in old plants 
costate. The basal squamules are sometimes small or rarely subeva- 
nescent. When fertile the apothecia are occasionally expanded and 
nearly cover the whole interior of the scyphi. 
Hab, On sterile soil and turf-walls, chiefly upon moorlands from mari- 
time to subalpine tracts—Distr. General and not uncommon in most 
arts of Great Britain and Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands.—B. M. : 
lie Gouffre, Island of Guernsey. Epping Forest, Essex ; Shanklin, Isle of 
Wight; St. Breward_ and near Wadebridge, Cornwall; Shotover Hill, 
Berks ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire; Wrekin Hill, Shropshire ; 
Cwm Bychan, Dolgelly, and Aberdovey, Merionethshire; Battersby 
Moor, Ayton Moor, and Baysdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, 
Durham ; the Cheviots, Northumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcud- 
M 
