eg 
CLADINA.] CLADONIEI. 175 
and partly greyish-brown, the branches erect at the apiccs.—Cromb. 
Grevillea, xi. p. 115.—Lichen giganteus Bory, Voy. iii. (1803) 
p. 83. 
Distinguished by the longer (4-8 in.) and thicker podetia, and is con- 
nected with the type by intermediate states. Of the few British speci- 
meus only one is sparingly fertile. 
Hab. Among mosses dn subalpine heaths.— Distr. Found only once 
and ae among the N. Grampians.—B M.: Glen Derrie, Braemar, 
Aberdeenshire. 
2. C. sylvatica Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F. et Fl. Fenn. Forh. n. s. 
v. (1866) p. 176.—Podetia much branched, cylindrical, slender, 
opaque, subperforate at the axils, glabrous, at length verruculoso- 
scabrous, pale straw-coloured or whitish; branches short, divaricate 
or subdeflexed, the apices subsecund, nodding when sterile, erect 
and subcorymbose when fertile (K—, K(CaCl)+ yellow). Apothecia 
and spores as in the preceding species.—Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. 
Hist. ser. 3, xviii. p. 418; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 22.—Cladina 
sylvaticu Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 72, ed. 3, p.66. Cladonia rangiferina 
B. sylvatica Mudd, Man. p. 59, Brit. Clad. p. 25. (@. sylvatica 
Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. ii. (1795) p. 114. Coralloides fruticuli specie 
candicans, corniculis rufescentibus Dill. Muse. 110, t. 19. f. 830 3.— 
As already noticed, Lichen sylvaticus of Hudson and Lightfoot is 
referable to Cladonia pungens.—Brit. Hxs.: Leight. n. 57; Mudd, 
nos. 19, 20, Clad. nos. 57, 58; Larb, Lich. Hb. nos. 242, 243; 
Bohl. n. 6. : 
Apart from the etomentose podetia this differs but little in external 
form and appearance from C. rangiferina, of which it has generally been 
regarded only as a variety with somewhat uncertain characters. By the 
aid of the chemical reactions, however, we are now able to distinguish it 
in all its different states, and to assign to it its proper specific value. In 
this country it is comparatively rare in a fertile condition. 
Hab. On the ground in forests, on moorlands and mountains from 
lowland to alpine regions.—Distr. General and frequent throughout 
Great Britain and no doubt also Ireland; rare in the Channel Islands; 
often constituting in otherwise sterile tracts the greater part of the 
vegetation.—B. M.: Quenvais, Island of Jersey. North Wootton Common, 
Norfolk; Epping Forest, Essex; Shanklin Downs, Isle of Wight; New 
Forest, Hants; Dartmoor, Devonshire; Tregawn, Cornwall; Farnham 
Royal Common, Bucks; Nettlehead Wood, Oxfordshire ; Charnwood 
Forest, Leicestershire ; Wyre Forest, Worcestershire ; Haughmond Hill, 
Shropshire ; Barmouth and Rhewgreidden, Merionethshire; Ayton and 
Kildale Moors, Cleveland, Yorkshire: Windermere, \Westmoreland ; the 
Cheviots and West Allen Carrs, Northumberland. New Galloway, 
Kirkeudbrightshire ; Pentland Hills near Edinburgh; Ben Cruachan, 
Argyleshire; Ben Lawers, Kinnoal Hill and Moncrieffe Hill, near Perth, 
and Rannoch Moor, Perthshire; Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire ; Countesswells 
‘Wood, near Aberdeen, Mar Forest and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeen- 
shire; Rothiemurchus and Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire; Lairg, Suther- 
landshire; Applecross, Ross-shire. Connemara, co. Galway; Arklow 
co. Wicklow. : 
