CLADINA. ] CLADONIEI. 181 
Cladonia amaurocrea c. depressa Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 28.—Brit. 
Exs,: Mudd, n. 18, Clad. n. 64. To this is probably referable Mudd, 
Clad. n. 63, as an atypical state. 
Well distinguished as a subspecies by the vaguely directed ascyphous 
podetia, It appears on the summits of the higher Grampians in the form 
of rotundate tufts of moderate size, and along with a small form of Lyco- 
podium Selago L. often constitutes the scanty vegetation of the granitic 
and schistose detritus. The débris of the podetia, broken by the tread of 
sheep or the red deer, may be found extensively scattered over the ground 
(cfr. Lamy, Lich, Mt. Dor. p. 23). It is never fertile. 
Hab, On sterile moorlands and mountains from upland to alpine regions. 
— Distr. Local in N. Wales, N. England, and 8. Reotlands but usually 
abundant among the Grampians, Scotland, especially in Braemar.—B. M.: 
Snowdon, Carnarvonshire; Baysdale and Guisboro’ Moors, Cleveland, 
Yorkshire. New Galloway, Kirkeudbrightshire; Ben Lawers, Perth- 
shire; Morrone and Cairngorm, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, 
Inverness-shire. 
Series ILI. Ramalodei Ny]. Mém. Soc. Cherb. iii. (1855) p. 170. 
Thallus fruticulose or filamentose, erect or pendulous, rounded, 
compressed, or angulose, corticate on both sides, destitute of leaflets, 
granules or basal crust, internally hollow or solid. Apothecia 
usually lecanorine, rarely lecideine or difform ; spores ellipsoid and 
simple, or oblong and 1-3-septate; paraphyses either not discrete 
or sometimes discrete. Spermogones with stcrigmata either simple 
or pauci-articulate, and straight, rarely curved spermatia. 
This series is distinguished from the preceding by the naked thallus 
and the absence of a basal crust. Though more compact and better 
limited than Cladodei, the tribes and genera of which it is composed differ 
considerably from each other. ‘There are, however, close and important 
links which render the series a very natural one. 
Tribe VII. ROCCELLEI Nyl. Mém. Soc. Cherb. iii. (1855) 
p. 170. 
Thallus subsimple or branched, rounded or compressed, subcarti- 
laginous, erect, or at length somewhat pendulous, internally entirely 
filled with a filamentose medulla. Apothecia lecanorine, lecideine, 
or irregular, lateral or terminal, adnate or innate; spores 8nz (or 
6ne), oblongo-fusiform, 3-septate, colourless; paraphyses discrete. © 
Spermogones immersed: sterigmata simple or subsimple. 
A distinct tribe, comprising two small genera, one of which, Combea, 
is exotic. The species are maritime, occurring on rocks, occasionally on 
trees, chiefly in warm regions, where they coupe the place of the mari- 
time Ramalinas of colder climates, towards which in habit and various 
characters they approach. They yield a yaluable purple dye—the well- 
known “ Orchill ” of commerce. 
