186 LICHEN ACEI. [RAMALINA, 
Tribe IX. RAMALINETI Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. 
sér. 2, iv. (1870) p. 103. 
Thallus fruticulose, laciniose, or filamentose, rounded or com- 
pressed, erect or pendulous, internally with woolly arachnoid me- 
dulla. Apothecia lecanorine, scutellate, terminal or lateral ; spores 
Sne, l-septate, suboblong, straight or slightly curved, colourless ; 
paraphyses discrete. Spermogones immersed or slightly prominent ; 
sterigmata subsimple or pauci-articulate, with long anastomosing 
filaments intermixed. 
This tribe, under which Nylander in his former arrangement included 
Alectoria and Evernia, is now, in its more limited acceptation, rezarded 
by him as quite distinct, on account of marked analytical differences, 
more especially of the thalamium, while the structure vf the spermogones 
is entirely peculiar (r?de Ramal. Monogr. /. c.), The exotic genus Rumalea 
Nyl. externally resembling Ramadina, ought, from the type of the sper- 
matia, to be relegated to the Cludunied; while Daetylinu and Dufourea, 
neither of which occur in Britain, are also excluded from this trib. 
36. RAMALINA 
Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) 
p. 122.—Thallus cws- 
pitoso-fruticulose, foli- 
aceo-complanate or 
rounded, somewhat 
shining or subopaque, 
soft or rigid, solid or 
fistulose, ramoso-lacini- 
ate,concolorous on both 
sides; medullary layer 
arachnoid, becoming 
sometimes very lax, cor- 
tical layer composcd 
either of indistinct cells 
or of longitudinal con- 
glutinate filaments. 
Apothecia scattered, 
opaque, subconcolorous Fig. 39. 
with thallus ; hypothe- Ramalina fraxinea Ach.—a, Longitudinal section 
cium colourless; spores of (one side of) thallus, x200. 4. Theca and 
small; paraphyses thin _ paraphysis, X350. e. Spores, x500.  d. Bec- 
or moderate, thicker or _—‘ tions of two spermogones, x30. ¢. Sterigmata 
lavstie: ae the apices ; and spermatia, x 5U0. (Also on the left a 
9 . fragment of the anastomosing spermogonic fila- 
hymenial gelatine blu- ites oe 
ish, then violet with 
iodine. Spermogones scattered ; spermatia straight, cylindrical, or 
oblongo-cylindrical. 
The species of this genus, formerly little understood, have recently had 
new light thrown upon them by the minute researches of Nylander. He 
