RAMALINA. | RAMALINEL, 187 
has shown that the chemical reactions of the medulla with K, the differ- 
ences in the receptacle of the apothecia, the form and size of the spores 
and spermatia, afford invaluable aid in the discrimination of species. The 
number of species have been consequently largely increased, and varieties 
more definitely referred to their species. As compared with other Euro- 
pean countries, the genus has a very fair number of species and varieties 
in Great Britain, all belonging to Nylander’s Section C, which is charac- 
terized by the spermogones having pale or colourless conceptacles. 
a. Thallus attenuate, fruticulose, subrounded or subcompressed ; 
cortical layer filamentose. 
1. R. thrausta Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. sér. 2, iv. (1870) 
p. 116.—Thallus elongate, pendulous or prostrate, filiform, sub- 
rounded, here and there compressed, very much branched, smooth, 
somewhat shining, pale straw-coloured ; laciniz very slender, densely 
interwoven, the apices unequally capillari-attenuate (medulla K—). 
“ Apothecia superficial, sessile, minute, plane, pale, the margin very 
thin; spores straight.’”—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1872, p. 71; Leight. 
Lich. Fl. ed. 2, p. 470, ed. 3, p. 83.—Ramalina calicaris, var. thrausta 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 25 pro parte; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 94 pro 
parte. Alectoria thrausta Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 596. 
The thallus, which is somewhat Alectorioid, is very fragile when dry, 
and in the few British specimens gathered is destitute of the soredia, 
with which it is elsewhere sometimes sprinkled. The apothecia, which 
are not well known, are absent from our specimens, which are also without 
spermogones. 
Hab. On sandy soil among short heath in maritime tracts.—Distr. 
Very sparingly in one spot on the N.E. coast of Scotland.—B. M.: Bay 
of Nigg, Kincardineshire (now extinct). 
b. Thallus compressed, longitudinally striato-nerved or subcostato- 
unequal; cortical layer filamentose. 
2. R. calicaris Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. sér. 2, iv. (1870) 
p. 131.—Thallus subrigid, compressed, linear or lineari-laciniate, 
pale glaucous or greyish green, laciniz sublacunosely longitudinally 
nervoso-rugose, usually canaliculate (medulla K—). Apothecia 
pedicellate, marginal and terminal, small or moderate, pale flesh- 
coloured or glaucescent, the receptacle rugose beneath; spores 
straight, ellipsoid, 0,010-16 mm. long, 0,005-7 mm. thick.—Cromb. 
Grevillea, xv. p. 47; Lich. Brit. p. 25 pro parte; Leight. Lich. Fl. 
ed. 3, p. 83.—Ramalina calicaris y. canaliculata Fr. Mudd, Man. 
p- 73, t.1.f.17; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 92. Ramalina fastigiata (3. 
calicaris Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 68 pro parte; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. 
ii. p. 85. Lobaria calicaris Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. ii. (1795) p. 139 
pro parte. Lichen calicaris Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 451 pro parte ; Lightf. 
F). Scot. ii. p. 834 pro parte; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 51 pro parte. 
Lichen fastigiatus Eng. Bot. t. 890 (upper fig.). Ramalinu fastigiata 
Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 225 pro parte. Lichenoides coralliforme rostratum et 
canaliculatum Dill. Muse. 170, t. 28. £..62 a.—Lichenoides arboreunt 
