RAMALINA. | RAMALINEI, 191 
of the larger apothecia, and especially by the form of the spores. The 
2 aaa are usually very abundant, and are often scattered on both sides 
of the thallus. The spermogones are also frequent, with spermatia 
0,004 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 
Hab. On the trunks of old trees in open places, and in forests in low- 
land and upland districts.—Distr. General and common where it occurs 
throughout Great Britain; apparently rare in Ireland.—B. M.: Epping 
Forest, Essex ; near Glynde, Sussex; Brading Downs, Isle of Wight ; 
New Forest, Hants; near Penzance, Cornwall; Cirencester, Gloucester- 
shire; Harboro’ Magna, Warwickshire; Clungunford and near Shrews- 
bury, Shropshire; Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, Durham; Winder- 
mere, Westmoreland; Alston, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkeud- 
brightshire; near Moffat, Dumfriesshire; Roslin and near Edinburgh, 
Midlothian; Barcaldine, Argyleshire; Blair Athole, Perthshire; Reeky 
Linn, Forfarshire; Countesswells Wood, near Aberdeen; Invercauld, 
Craig Coinnoch, and Glen Clunie, Braemar; Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire. 
Killarney, co. Kerry. 
Var. 6. ampliata'Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 603.—Thallus 
dilated, lanceolato-difform, or broadly lobed, obtuse at the apices, 
longitudinally costato-rugose, transversely subreticulato-rugose. 
Apothecia and spores as in the type.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1872, 
p. 72; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 2, p. 473, ed. 3, p. 86.—Parmelia 
fraxinea y. ampliata Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 259.  Lichenoides longi- 
folium rugosum rigidum Dill. Muse. 1. ¢. c.—Brit. Evs.: Leight. 
u. 38 pro parte; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 286; Bohl. n. 21 pro parte. 
The lacinize are more dilated and coarsely rugose, though when younger 
they more resemble the type. Occasionally the thallus is stunted and 
deformed. The apothecia are usually abundant, often superficial, large, 
and when young rather concave. The spermogones are very frequent on 
deformed states. 
Hab. On the trunks of old trees, chiefly oak and ash, in wooded upland 
districts.— Distr. Local and scarce in Great Britain; not observed. in 
Treland.—B. M.: Brandon, Suffolk; Epping Forest, Essex; New Forest, 
Hants; Dartmoor, Devonshire; Bartonbury, Gloucestershire; Darnley, 
Derbyshire ; Alfric, Worcestershire; Oswestry, Shropshire; Barmouth 
and Aberdovey, Merionethshire; Island of Anglesea; Teesdale, Durham; 
‘ast Allendale, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; 
Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Abergeldie, Aberdeenshire. 
Form monophylla Cromb. Grevillea, vii. (1879) p. 141.—Thallus 
simple, very broad, oblongo-rotundate, subreticulately costato- 
rugose. Apothecia as in the preceding. 
Its simple thallus gives this a leaf-like appearance, but probably it is 
not constant. The apothecia are numerous and chiefly superficial. 
Hab. On an aged oak in a wooded upland district.— Distr. Observed 
only in 8. England.—B. M.: New Forest, Hants. 
Var. y. calicariformis Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. sér. 2, iv. 
(1870) p. 1386.—Thallus attenuate; lacinie longitudinally rugose 
or nerved and sparingly transversely rugulose. Apothecia marginal 
and subterminal, the receptacle rugose; spores curved, 0,010-17 
mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. thick.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1882, p. 272. 
