196 Li SHENACEL. [RAMALINA. 
distinct and prominent. In the specimens gathered, which were old and 
sterile, the thallus is of a sordid-brown colour. 
Hab. On the trunks of old oaks in open places in a wooded tract.— 
Distr, Local and scarce in S. England.—B. M.: New Forest, Hants. 
d. Thallus firm, solidly corticate, subroundly compressed or super- 
ficially unequal ; cortical layer externally amorphous, internally 
filamentose. 
9. R. scopulorum Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 604.—Thallus 
rigid, more or less compressed and shining, smoothish or longitu- 
dinally unequal, lineari-laciniate, pale-greyish or pale straw-coloured; 
lacinie sublinear, attenuate (medulla K + yellowish, then rusty-red). 
Apothecia subpedicellate, marginal and subterminal, moderate, pale- 
testaceous or pale-glaucous, the receptacle somewhat smooth ; spores 
oblong, straight, 0,012-19 mm. long, 0,0045-65 mm. thick.— Gray, 
Nat. Arr. i. p. 407; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 63; Sm. Eng. Fi. v. 
p. 225; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 85; Mudd, Man. p. 74; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 25; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 91, ed. 2, p. 476, 
ed. 3, p. 88.—Lichen scopulorum Retz. Obs. Bot. fase. iv. (1791) 
p. 30; Dicks. Crypt. fase. iii. p. 18; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 57; 
Eng. Bot. t. 688.—Most of these references belong only in part to 
this species, from which until recently R. cuspidata was not clearly 
distinguished. It is also the Lichen calicaris pro parte of the older 
British authors.— Brit. Hvs.: Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 247; Bohl. n.112. 
Recognized by the shining, rigid, cartilaginous thallus and the chemical 
reaction of the medulla. It varies in length, and is often little branched. 
The apothecia are common and usually abundant, though in shady places 
it is generally sterile. The spermogones are frequent, with spermatia 
oblongo-cylindrical, 0,0085-45 mm. long, 0,0010-15 mm. thick. 
Hab. On rocks in maritime districts—Drst. General and common on 
most of the rocky coasts of Great Britain and the Channel Islands, pro- 
bably also of Iveland.—B. M.: Grosnez Common, Island of Jersey; 
Islands of Guernsey and Sark. Bolt Head, S. Devon; St. Michael’s 
Mount, Land’s End, and Lamorna Cliff, Cornwall; St. Mary’s, Scilly 
Islands; Harlech Castle, Merionethshire ; Port Soderick, Isle of Man; 
Holy Island, Northumberland. Solway Frith, Kirkcudbrightshire; Isle 
of May, Frith of Forth; Ailsa Craig, Frith of Clyde; Island of Mull 
and Airds, Appin, Argyleshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; Applecross, 
Ross-shire ; Orkney Islands. 
Var. 8. incrassata Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. sér. 2, iv. 
(1870) p. 15.—Thallus smaller, thickish, rigid, subopaque, tuber- 
culoso-difform, shortly laciniate, sparingly divided (medulla K+ 
yellow and then rusty-red)—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1874, p. 147; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 89.—Brit. Evs.: Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 324. 
A small, thick, stunted, and deformed plant, with the thallus scarcely 
shining and less divided, and with broad, short lacinie. It is often 
tuberculoso-rugose from the numerous prominent spermogones. The 
apothecia in British specimens are sparingly present. 
Hab, On rocks in maritime tracts.—Distr. Local and rare in the 
