216 LICHENACEI,. [CETRARIA. 
gones are situated at the apices of the marginal cilia, with spermatia 
0,005-6 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. A parasitic fungus, Spheria cetra- 
riicola Nyl., is occasionally seen on the thallus; in Lapland it has been 
seen also on C. hiascens, 
Hab. On the ground among heath, and in stony places in upland, sub- 
alpine, and especially in alpine situations.—Distr. Not general nor com- 
mon on the mts. of N. Wales, N. England, S.W. Iveland, and S. and N. 
Scotland, but very plentiful amongst the Grampians, especially in Brae- 
mar, where it occurs in fruit on some of the loftier summits; occasion- 
ally descending to low altitudes on more exposed upland heaths—B. M.: 
Wootton Common, Norfolk; Stockton Forest, Langwith Moor, and Sten- 
shall Common, Yorkshire; Snowdon, Carnarvoushire; Cwm Bychan, 
Merionethshire; Teesdale, Durham. Cheviot Hills, Roxburghshire; 
Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Mael Graedha and Ben Lawers, Perth- 
shire; Clova Mts. and Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire; Hills of Nigg, near 
Aberdeen ; Morrone, Lochnagar and Ben Macdhui, Braemar ; Ben Nevis, 
Inverness-shire. Slieve Donard, co. Down; Mangerton, co. Kerry. 
Form platyna Fr. Lich. Europ. (1831) p. 37.—Lacinie rather 
broad, subsimple and sparingly denticulate at the margins. Apo- 
thecia large.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 48; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 96, 
ed. 8, p. 91 pro parte. Cetraria platyna Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 229. 
Cetraria Islandica f. dilatata Norrl., Cromb. Linn. Soc. Journ. Bot. 
1880, p. 575, Lichenoides rigidum eryngii foliis referens Dill. Musc. 
209, t. 28. f. 1113. 
Varies in colour like the type, with the lacinize occasionally 1 inch in 
breadth. The apcthecia are usually rather large and few, with the mar- 
gin generally excluded. From the paucity of the marginal cilia, the 
spermogones are rarely seen. 
Hab. On the ground among heaths in alpine places.— Distr. Local on 
the loftier Grampians, chiefly in Braemar, at high altitudes, where it is 
not uncommon.—B. M.: Lochnagar, Ben-naboord, Ben Macdhui, Cairn- 
gorm, Cairntoul, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. 
2. C. crispa Nyl. ex Lamy, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xxv. (1878) p. 362. 
—Thallus somewhat small, czespitose, erect or depressed, pale-chest- 
nut or chestnut-brown; Jacinie crowded, rather narrow, canalicu- 
late, densely ciliate and connivent at the margins, often reddish at 
the base (K_, CaCl_). Apothecia small, submarginal, the margin 
persistently denticulate; spores as in the preceding species, or slightly 
smaller——Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 48.—Subsp. Cetraria crispa, 
Cromb. Grevillea, xii. p. 73. Cetraria Islandica (3. crispa Ach. Lich. 
Univ. (1810) p. 513; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 26; Leight. Lich. Fl. 
p- 97, ed. 3, p. 92. Cornicularia Islandica B. crispa, Mudd, Man. 
p. 77. Lichen Islandicus 3 Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 880; Huds. FI. 
Angl. ed. 2, p.539; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 54. Lichenoides eryngit 
folia referens, tenuioribus et crispioribus foliis Dill. Muse. 212, t. 28. 
f. 112.— Brit. Ews.: Mudd, n. 52; Leight. n. 42 pro parte. 
Smaller, and somewhat pulvinate, with narrower and more ciliate lacinize 
than C. Islandica, of which it was considered a variety, but is now sepa- 
rated as a species by Nylander. The apothecia are very rare in Britain. 
