CETRARIA.] CETRARIEI. ‘217 
Hab. On the ground among mosses in subalpine and alpine districts. — 
Distr, Local in N. Wales, N. England, and 8. Scotland, more frequent 
among the Grampians, especially in Braemar—B. M.: Snowdon and 
Carnedd Llewellyn, Carnarvonshire ; Teesdale, Durham. Pentland Hills, 
near Edinburgh ; Mael Graedha, Ben Lawers, and Rannoch, Perthshire ; 
Katelaw, Forfarshire; Morrone and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeen- 
shire ; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. 
Form subtubulosa Cromb. Grevillea, xv. (1886) p. 48.—Lacinie 
interruptedly tubulose, with the suture ciliato-spinulose. Apothecia 
not seen.—Cetraria Islandica f. subtubulosa Fr. Lich. Eur. (1831) 
p. 37. 
A modification of the preceding, which scarcely deserves to rank as a 
separate form. The thallus is only sparingly branched, and is never seen 
fertile. 
Hab. On mossy ground among boulders in alpine places.-—Distr. Local 
and uncommon on a few of the higher Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. : Kate- 
law, Forfarshire ; Ben-naboord and Cairntoul, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
3. C. hiascens Fr. fil. Lich. Scand. (1871) p.98.—Thallus densely 
cespitose, subfoliaceous, canaliculate or somewhat plane, opaque, pale- 
or dark-brown, with white impressed soredia at the back, often stained 
yellowish-brown at the base ; lacinize narrow, sparingly ciliato-spinu- 
lose, much and repeatedly dichotomously branched at the apices (K~ > 
CaCly | reddish)" Apothecia adnate to the upper surface of the apices 
of the laciniz, elevated, moderate, subconcolorous, the margin some- 
times denticulate; spores as in the preceding species.—Cromb. 
Grevillea, xv. p. 48.—Cetruria aculeata b. hiascens Fr. Lich. Europ. 
(1831) p. 36. Cetraria Deliset (Bory), Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 26; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 97, ed. 3, p. 92. 
Differs from C. crispa in the lacinie and the chemical reaction of the 
medulla. The thallus, which is rather brittle when dry, varies consider- 
ably in colour and in the length of the laciniz, being dark and short in 
Britain. Neither the apothecia nor the spermogones occur in this 
country. 
Hab. Among mosses on the ground in alpine places.—Distr. Ex- 
tremely local and rare on the summits of two of the loftier N. Grampians, 
Scotland.—B. M.: Lochnagarand Ben Macdhui, Braemar, Aberdeenshire, 
4. C.aculeata Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. (1825) p. 239.—Thallus cespi- 
toso-fruticulose, rigid and somewhat fragile, fistulose, erect, some - 
what rounded or anguloso-unequal, or somewhat compressed, sub- 
lacunose, very much and irregularly branched, bright- or dark- 
brown; branches divaricate, more or less blackish-spinulose (K —> 
CaCl—). Apothecia subterminal, concolorous, small or moderate, 
the margin spinuloso-denticulate ; spores 0,005-9 mm. long, 0,003- 
4 mm. thick.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 26; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 97, 
ed. 3, p. 92.— Cornicularia aculeata Gray, Nat. Arr.i.p.405 ; Hook. 
Fl. Scot. ii. p. 69; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 228; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. 
ii. p. 86; Mudd, Man. p. 77 (incl. 6. celocaula Flott.). Lichen acu- 
