218 LICHENACEI. [CETRARIA . 
leatus Schreb. Fl. Lips. (1771) p. 125. Lichen Islandicus y Huds. 
Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 539. Coralloides fruticuli specie fuscum, sjino- 
sum Dill. Muse. p. 112 pro parte. Lichenoides non tubulosum ramo- 
sissimum fruticuli specie, rufo-nigrescens Dill. in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, 
p. 66, n.10 pro parte.—Bri. Hxvs.: Mudd, n. 50; Leight. n. 3; 
Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 163. 
A very distinct species, variable in size and degree of spinulosity, and so 
giving rise to several forms. The apothecia are not common in Britain, 
and the spermogones are but occasionally seen. They are very minute, 
blackish, situated on the apices of the marginal cilia, with spermatia 0,004 
mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 
Hab. On the ground in sandy and gravelly places among grasses and 
heath of moorlands in upland and subalpine tracts.—Distr. Not very 
general nor common, though occurring here and there in most parts of 
Great Britain; rare in the Channel Islands; not seen from Ireland.— 
B. M.: Quenvais, Island of Jersey. North Wootton, Norfolk; Reigate 
Heath, Surrey ; Lyndhurst Common, Hampshire ; Dartmoor, Devonshire; 
Malvern Hills and Hartlebury Common, Worcestershire; Charnwood 
Forest, Leicestershire ; Island of Anglesea; near Over, Cheshire; Farn- 
dale, Yorkshire; Haughmond Hill, Shropshire; Gateshead, Durham ; 
Kilhope Law, Northumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; 
Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Glen Lochay, Ben Lawers, and Birnam 
Hill, Perthshire; Baldovan Woods and Clova, Forfarshire ; Lochnagar, 
Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire ; Culbin, Elgin- 
shire, 
Form 1. hispida Cromb. Linn. Soc. Journ. Bot. xvii. (1880) 
p. 561.—Thallus smaller, more slender and intricate, densely caspi- 
tose. Apothecia numerous.—Lichen hispidus Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. 
(1777) p. 883; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 43; Eng. Bot. t. 452, 
Cetraria aculeata var. muricata Ach., Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 26; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 98, ed. 3, p. 93. Coralloides fruticuli specie 
fuscum, spinosum Dill. Muse. 112, t.17.£.31 4.— Brit. Has. : Leight. 
n. 4; Mudd, n. 49. 
Grows in low dense tufts, about 4 to 1 inch high, and occasionally 
spreads very extensively. The thallus is densely branched, more or less 
spinulose, and is often darker in colour than in the type. Usually well 
fertile with crowded apothecia, which are sometimes comparatively large. 
The spermogones in otherwise barren specimens are numerous. 
Hab. On the ground of moorlands in upland and i districts, — 
Distr. Frequent in the hilly and mountainous tracts of Great Britain— 
more especially in the Central Highlands of Scotland ; very rare in S.W. 
Treland.—B. M.: Hainault Forest, Essex ; Wokingham Heath, Bucking- 
hamshire; Lydd, Kent; Dartmoor, Devonshire; Scilly Islands, Corn- 
wall; Black Edge, near Buxton, Derbyshire; Charnwood Forest, Leices- 
tershire ; Longmynd, Shropshire; Cwm Bychan, Merionethshire; Breid- 
den, Montgomeryshire; near Beverley and Cleveland, Yorkshire; Kent- 
mere, near Kendal, Westmoreland ; Asby, Cumberland. New Galloway, 
Kirkeudbrightshire ; Dalmahoy Hill and Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; 
Ben Lawers, Craig Tulloch, Rannoch Moor, Perthshire; Sidlaw Hills, 
Montrose links, and near Cortachy, Forfarshire; Glen Dee and Glen 
Muick, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Hills of Applecross, Ross-shire. Kil- 
larney, co. Kerry. 
