EVERNIA, | PARMELIEI. 229 
of the typically fruticulose thallus, but he now more correctly refers it 
to the Parmelic?. ‘The structure of the apothecia, the presence of rhizinw 
sparingly in one of the species, and other characters ally it to Parmelia, 
from which, as Nylander observes (Flora /. c.), it scarcely differs gene- 
rically. Indeed in Parmelia we have sometimes the same fruticulose 
habit, as in P. Kamtschadalis; while in the section of P. physodes (and 
the species of Evernia approach very near to P. vittata) the thallus is 
similarly glabrous beneath. 
1. E. prunastri Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 442 —Thallus at first 
ascending, then more or less pendulous, sublacunoso-rugose, laciniate, 
greenish-white above, beneath white, subcanaliculate ; lacinies much 
and dichotomously divided, lineari-attenuate, usually involute and 
frequently sorediiferous at the margins (K* alee, CaCl_). Apo- 
thecia subpedicellate, moderate, chiefly lateral, reddish-brown, the 
margin inflexed; spores 0,007-10 mm. long, 0,0045-60 mm. thick. 
—Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 425; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 61; Sm. Eng. Fl. 
v. p. 224; Tayl.in Mack. Fl. Hib. it. p. 84; Mudd, Man. p. 72; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 24; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 90, ed. 3, p. 82.— 
Lichen prunastri Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) p. 1147; Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 452; 
Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 835; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 52; Eng. Bot. 
t. 859. Lichenoides cornutum bronchiule molle, subtus incanum Dill. 
Muse. 160, t. 21. f. 55.4. Lichenoides arboreum ramosum majus 
et mollius, colore candicante Dill. in Ray, Syn. p. 75, n. 80.—Brit. 
Exs.: Leight. n. 86; Mudd, n. 41; Larb. Cesar. n. 59; Lich. Hb. 
n. 246; Bohl. n. 64. 
Varies considerably according to age and habitat, but always easily 
recognized. The thallus in old plants is covered with white confluent 
soredia ow the margins, which are sometimes also sparingly scattered 
over the surface of the lacinie (form sorediata Ach.). The apothecia are 
rare in this country, and the spermogones are also seldom seen. They 
are externally black, colourless within, with spermatia 0,006-7 mm. long, 
about 0,005 mm. thick. 
Hab. On the trunks and branches of trees, chiefly firs, and on hedge 
bushes, in wooded upland tracts.—Distr. General and usually plentiful 
in most parts of Great Britain and Ireland ; rarer in the Channel Islands ; 
abundant in old fir woods in the Grampians, Scotland, where also it is 
frequently fertile—B. M.: Islands of Jersey and Guernsey. Jpping 
Forest and near Walthamstow, Essex; Shiere, Surrey; Lydd, Kent; 
St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex; New Forest, Hants; Ullacombe, near Bovey 
Tracey, 8. Devon; near Penzance and Withiel, Cornwall; Cirenceste., 
Gloucestershire; Madingley, each laa ; near Milton, Oxfordshire ; 
Twycross, Leicestershire; near Bank House, Derbyshire; Malvern, Wor- 
cestershire; Oswestry, and near Shrewsbury, Shropshire; Cwm Bychan, 
Merionethshire; Island of Anglesea; near Kendal, Westmoreland ; 
Gibside Woods, Durham; Lounsdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Hall Mil), 
Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Currie, near Edin- 
burgh; Falls of Clyde, Lanark; near Glasgow; Appin, Argyleshire ; 
Killin, Aberfeldy, and Blaeberry hill, Perthshire; Deerhill Wood, For- 
farshire ; Countesswells Woods, near Aberdeen, and Ballochbuie Forest, 
Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus Woods, Inverness-shire ; Caw- 
dor woods, Nairnshire ; Lairg, Sutherlandshire. Near Belfast, co. Antrim ; 
near Cork ; Killarney, co. Kerry ; Connemara, co. Galway. 
