236 LICHENACET. fPARMELIA. 
British authors. From both, it may at once be distinguished by the per- 
forate apothecia, and, when infertile, by the minutely reticulate rimulose 
thallus, ‘The apothecia are extremely rare in our islands, nor are the 
spermogones present on our specimens. - 
Hab, On mossy rocks and the trunks of old trees in maritime districts. 
—Distr. Rather local, though plentiful, in S.and W. England, N. Wales, 
the W. Highlands of Scotland, the Channel Islands, and W. Ireland, 
where it has once been gathered sparingly fertile—B. M.: Near Fort 
Essex, Island of Alderney; Island of Guernsey. St. Leonard's Forest, 
Sussex ; Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire; Carisbrook and near Ryde, Isle of 
Wight; South Brent, Devonshire; Penzance and Withiel, Cornwall; 
Dolgelly, Nannau, and Tan-y-Croes, Merionethshire ; Island of Anglesea. 
Barcaldine, Argyleshire. Dunkerron, co. Kerry (fruit); near Kylemore, 
Connemara, co. Galway. 
5. P. levigata Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 212.—Thallus suborbicular, 
membranaceous, laciniato-lobed, glaucous-white or whitish; be- 
neath blackish and black-fibrilloso-rhizinose ; lacinie divaricately 
sinuato-multitid or sinuato-incised, often subimbricate and whitish 
tuberculato-sorediate at the apices, smooth or smoothish (Kt, 
CaCl_, medulla K (CaCl) f+red). Apothecia moderate or large, 
badio-reddish, the margin entire or obsoletely crenulate or sore- 
diate; spores 6-8ne, 0,012-13 mm. long, 0,007-8 mm. thick.— 
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p: 442; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 55; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. 
p. 200; Tayl.in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 148; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 33; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 189, ed. 3, p. 128.—Parmelia sinuosa 3. levi- 
gata, Mudd, Man. p. 92. Lichen levigatus, Sm. in Eng. Bot. xxvi. 
(1808) t. 1852.—Brit. Hvs.: Mudd, n. 69; Larb. Cesar. n. 64, 
Lich. Hb, n. 124; Cromb. n. 141. 
The thallus is loosely attached to the substratum, often much ex- 
panded and generally divided into narrow approximate lacinie. The 
soredia occur at the apices, but are occasionally scattered over the surface 
of the laciniz. From the allied species it is well separated by the thal- 
line reactions. The apothecia are very rare, occurring chiefly in the 
smaller corticole states, but the spermogones are not uncommon. They 
are minute, dark-brown or blackish, irregularly scattered, with spermatia 
about 0,005-7 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 
Hab. On rocks, boulders, and trunks of trees, chiefly in maritime and 
mountainous districts —Distr. Somewhat local, though usually plentiful 
in S. and W. England, N. Wales, W. Highlands, Scotland, W. Ireland, 
and in the Channel Islands.—B. M.: Islands of Jeisey and Guernsey. 
New Forest and Bournemouth, Hampshire; Lustleigh Cleeve, Dartmoor, 
Lynton, and Bolt Head, Devonshire; near Penzance and Withiel, Corn- 
wall; near Dolvelly, Aberdovey, and Barmouth, Merionethshire; Llan- 
be1is and Beddgelert, Carnarvonshire; Beaumaris, Island of Anglesea; 
Asby, Cumberland. Inverary and Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Ben Nevis, 
Inverness-shire ; Glen Ach-na-Shilloch, Ross-shiie. Killarney, co. Kerry ; 
Gougaumbara, co. Cork ; Connemara, co. Galway. 
6. P. xanthomyela Nyl. Flora, 1874, p.306.—Thallus externally 
similar to that of P. lavigate (K +yellow), medulla sulphureous 
(K+ yellowish). Apothecia moderate or large, badio-reddish, the 
