246 LICHENACELI. [PARMELIA. 
beneath black, paler and glabrous at the circumference, with few 
rhizine ; lobes sinuato-laciniate, rounded, subcrenulate at the mar- 
gins (IK 4 yellowish, CaCl —). Apothecia moderate, badio-reddish, 
the margin crenulate and often pulverulent; spores 0,017-20 mm. 
long, 0007-10 mm. thick.—Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 437; Hook. Fl. 
Scot. ii. p. 52; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 198; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. 
ii. p. 146; Mudd, Man. p. 101, t. ii. £30; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 32; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 122, ed. 3, p. 114.—Lichen caperatus Linn. Sp. 
Pl. (1753) p. 1147; Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 5435 With. Arr. 
ed. 3, iv. p. 58; Eng. Bot. t. 654. Lichenoides caperatum, rosacee 
expansum, e sulphureo virens Dill. Muse. 193, t. 25. f.97. Lichen- 
oides crusta folrosa, ex cinereo et luteo virescente, inferne nigra et 
levi Dill. in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, p. 73, n. 62.—Brit. Kus. : Leight. 
n. 77; Mudd, n. 73; Cromb. n. 140; Larb. Cesar. n. 63; Lich. 
Hb. n. 251; Bohl. n. 123. 
The thallus, which is normally orbicular, frequently spreads exten- 
sively. It is usually undulato-plicate, and often more or less granuloso- 
pulverulent, except at the circumference. The apothecia, which are 
comparatively rare, are usually scattered, but occur chiefly towards the 
centre of the thallus. The spermogones are minute, infuscate, with 
spermatia 0,006-7 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 
Hab, On the trunks of old trees, on boulders, and on old pales, in 
lowland and upland tracts.—Distr. General and abundant in most parts 
of England; rarer in Ireland, the Channel Islands, and: in Scotland, 
where apparently it rarely extends beyond the S. Grampians—B. M.: 
St. Brelade’s and Boulay Bay, Jersey; Island of Guernsey. Waltham- 
stow and Hainault Forest, Essex; near Tunbridge Wells, Kent ; Lewes, 
Hastings, and near Brighton, Sussex; Lyndhurst and near Lymington, 
Hampshire; Carisbrook and Ryde, Isle of Wight; Ivy Bridge, Torquay, 
Newton Bushell, and Totnes, 8. Devon; Bocconoc, Penzance, and Withiel, 
Cornwall; St. Mary’s, Scilly; Elstree, Herts; near Malvern, Worcester- 
shire; Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; 
Haughmond Hill, Shropshire ; Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Cwm Bychan and 
near Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Hafod, Cardiganshire ; Island of Angle- 
sea; Llanberis, Carnarvonshire; Keswick and Asby, Cumberland; Tees- 
dale, Durham ; Stavely, Westmoreland ; near Hexham, Northumberland. 
New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; King’s Park, Swanston Wood, 
Rivelstone and Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh; Airds, Appin, Argyle- 
shire ; Blairdrummond, Aberfoyle, Kenmore, and Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; 
Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. Rostellan, co. Cork ; Dunkerron, co. Kerry. 
15. P. sinuosa Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 207.—Thallus suborbicular, 
membranaceous, divaricato-lobed, smooth, yellowish; beneath blackish 
and black-fibrillose, paler towards the circumference ; lacinie nar- 
row, sinuato-pinnatifid, dilated and often sorediate at the apiccs; 
the sinuses wide, circular (Kf ies then rea, CACL_).  Apothecia 
moderate, subplane, dark-brown, the margin thin, smooth, entire ; 
spores 0,011-20 mm. long, 0,008-12 mm. thick—Gray. Nat. Arr, 
i. p. 442; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 54; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 203; Tayl. 
in Mack. Fl. Hib. it. p. 149; Mudd, Man. p. 95; Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 33; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 186, ed. p. 125.—Lichen sinuosus 
