PARMELIA. | PARMELIEI. 251 
in the 8.; very local in Central Scotland; not seen from Jreland.— 
B. M.: Saham Wood, Norfolk; near Bury, Suffolk; Epping Forest, 
Essex; Broome Park, Kent; St. Leonard’s Huraet, Poyning’s Hill, and 
Beeding Priory, Sussex; near Netley Abbey, Hampshire; Somerford 
Keynes, Wiltshire; near Cirencester and Fairford, Gloucestershire ; near 
the Ketch, Worcestershire; Harboro’ Magna, Warwickshire; Stokesley, 
Cleveland, Yorkshire. Auldbar, Forfarshire. 
21. P. olivacea Ach. Meth, (1803) p. 213.—Thallus orbicular, 
membranaceous, appressed, rugulose or minutely corrugate, laciniato- 
lobed, subopaque, olive-brown or badious-umbrine; beneath nearly 
concolorous, paler at the circumference, obsoletely fibrillose ; lobes 
radiating, plane, rounded, crenate (K—, CaCl_). Apothecia mode- 
rate, dark chestnut-coloured, the margin entire or nearly entire ; 
spores 0,011-19 mm. long, 0,007-10 mm, thick.—Nyl. Syn. i. 
(1860) p. 395; Cromb. Grevillea, x. p. 24; Lich. Brit. p. 35 pro 
parte; Leight. Lich, Fl. p. 122 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 115 pro parte.— 
Lichenoides olivaceum, scutellis levibus Dill. Musc. 182, t. 24. f£.'77 a. 
—Lichen olivaceus and Parmelia olivacea of owr oldcr authors belong 
to one or other of the following allied plants. 
Several species, now rightly separated, have been included here by 
authors. As limited, it is readily recognized by the rugulose thallus and 
the entire margin of the apothecia. It isa plant of a more boreal type 
than any of its immediate allies. _The apothecia are chiefly central and 
crowded, the margin of the receptacle becoming less smooth and entire 
in age. The spermogones are minute, black, immersed or prominent, 
with spermatia 0,007 mm. long, about 0,001 mm. thick. 
Hab, On the trunks of trees, birch and alder, in wooded upland dis- 
tricts.—Distr. Very local and rare in the N. Grampians, Scotland. — 
B. M.: Abergeldie and Glen Clunie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
22. P. exasperata Nyl. Not. Sillsk. pro F. et Fl. F. Forh. n. s. 
v. (1866) p. 120 (note).—Thallus orbicular, membranaceous, mi- 
nutely and densely rugoso-papillose, olive-brown ; beneath paler, 
sparingly fibrillose ; lobes more or Jess obliterated in the centre, 
appressed, rounded and inciso-crenate at the circumference (x. 
CaCl_). Apothecia small, or at length somewhat large, chestnut- 
coloured, the margin elevated, verrucose and papillose ; spores shortly 
ellipsoid, 0,009-12 mm. long, 0,007-10 mm. thick.—Cromb. Journ. 
Linn. Soc. Bot. xvii. p. 572.—Parmelia olivacea subsp. exasperata 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 85; var. ewasperata Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 123, 
ed. 3, p. 115. Collema exasperatum Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 645. 
Parmelia olivacea Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 438; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 
p. 52; Eng. Fl. ii. p. 200; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 148; 
Mudd, Man. p. 99 pro parte. Lichen olivaceus Huds. Fl. Angl. 
p. 446; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 819 pro parte; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 
p- 85; Eng. Bot. t. 2180. Lichenoides olivaceum, scutellis ampliort- 
bus verrucosis Dill. Muse. 184, t. 24. f. 78. Lichenoides erusta 
foliosa scutellata, pullum Dill. in Ray, Syn. ed. 8, p. 72, n. 60.— 
