252 LICHENACEI. [PARMELIA. 
Brit. Evs.: Mudd, n. 72; Leight. nos, 263, 356; Larb. Lich. Hb. 
n. 327; Bohl. n. 86. 
Readily distinguished from P. olivacea, of which it is generally regarded 
as a variety, by the papillato-exasperate thallus and the verrucoso-papillose 
margin of the apothecia. With us the apothecia are comparatively rare, 
though plentiful when present. ‘Ihe spermogones are very abundant on 
the papilla, when these are not abraded, with spermatia 0,008-11 mm. 
long, scarcely 0,001 mm. thick. 
Hab. On the trunks of old trees in maritime and upland districts — 
Distr. General and usually common in the W. tracts of Great Britain and 
Ireland.—B. M.: Bury, Sutfolk ; New Forest, Hants; Withiel, Cornwall ; 
Pembridge, Herefordshire; Cricklade, Wiltshire; Crowle, Worcester- 
shire; near Dolgelly, Merionethshire; Island of Anglesea; Ayton, Cleve- 
land, Yorkshire ; Eglestone, Durham, near Stavely, Westmoreland. New 
Galloway, Kirkeudbrightshire; Largs, Ayrshire; Pentland Hills, near 
Edinburgh; Appin, Argyleshire; Glen Lochay, Perthshire ; Castleton of 
Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; 8. of Fort William, Inverness-shire ; Kilravock, 
Nairnshire ; Applecross, Ross-shire. Glencar and Mangerton, co. Kerry ; 
Killerey Bay, Connemara, co. Galway. 
23. P. subaurifera Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 22.—Thallus orbicular, 
thinly membranaceous, closely appressed, glabrous or thinly fur- 
furaceous in the centre, laciniato-lobed, olive-brown or umbrine, 
yellow-sorediate, medulla yellow ; beneath blackish, shortly fibrillose; 
lobes plane, crenate (Ky yellowish? CaCly dish)? Apothecia small, 
dark chestnut-coloured, the margin subentire, often yellow-sorediate ; 
spores 0,011-13 wm. long, 0,007—-8 mm. thick.-—-Cromb. Journ. Linn, 
Soc. Bot. xvii. p. 572; Grevillea, x. p. 25.—Lichen olivaceus, var. 3, 
With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 85. Lichenoides olivaceum, scutcllis levibus 
Dill. Muse. 182, t. 23. f.'77 c.— Brit, Exs.: Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 210. 
From the allied species this differs at once in the yellow medulla and 
the small yellow soredia with which the thallus is everywhere eftlorescent. 
Our Britieh specimens are, with one or two exceptions, less well developed 
than those from Scandinavia—the thallus being smaller, the medulla less 
distinctly yellow, and having only in one instance a few young apothecia. 
The spermogones, which also seem to be very rare with us, have the sper- 
matia 0,005 mm. long, scarcely 0,001 mm. thick. 
Hab. On the trunks of trees and branches of shrubs, chiefly oak and 
firs, in maritime and upland districts Distr. Local and scarce in Eng- 
land, N. Wales, the Highlands, Scotland, and N.W. Jreland; no doubt 
often overlooked.—B. M.: Epping Forest, Essex ; near Tooting, Surrey; 
Lydd, Kent ; Henfield, Sussex ; near Penzance, Cornwall (frt.); Whim- 
pole Park, Cambridgeshire; Grimsbury Green, Northampton ; Gopsall 
Park, Leicestershire ; Kempsey, Worcestershire: Aberdovey, Merioneth- 
shire ; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Windermere, Westmoreland. Glen 
Lochay, Perthshire ; Wills Braes, Forfarshire ; Durris, Kincardineshire ; 
Applecross, Ross-shire. Kylemore, co. Galway. 
24. P. prolixa Nyl. in Cromb. Lich. Brit. (1870) p. 35.—Thallus 
suborbicular, appressed, somewhat shining, laciniate, dark-olive or 
blackish-umbrine ; beneath blackish or black, moderately fibrillose ; 
lacinie narrow, subimbricate, much and variously divided, somewhat 
