256 LICHEN ACEI. [PARMELTA. 
with few rhizine ; lacinia narrow, convex, rugoso-plicate, imbricate 
and complicate, incurved at the apices (K fryellowioh, CaCl— ). 
Apothecia small, concave, or at length slightly convex, blackish, the 
margin entire; spores subglobose or ellipsoid, 0,007-12 mm. long, 
0,005-9 mm. thick—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1872, p. 357; Leight. 
Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 118.—Parmelia discreta Nyl., Cromb. Lich. Brit. 
p- 36. Parmelia physodes var. discreta Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 127. 
Parmelia stygia var. minor Nyl. ew Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 288 ; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 85. Parmelia encausta var. stygioides Linds. 
Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. xxii. p. 224; Mudd, Man. p. 99. Lichen 
encaustus Eng. Bot. t. 2049.—As pointed out in Grevillea, vii. p. 98, 
this ought rather to be called P. atrofusca (Scher.).—Brit. Evs.: 
Cromb. n. 32; Dicks. Hort. Sic. n. 25 pro parte. 
Looks intermediate between P. stygia and P. encausta, being sometimes 
confounded with the latter. The presence of rhizinze very rarely on 
the under surface in very young plants shows that it belongs to this 
Subsection. The thallus varies in colour from nearly pitch-black to dark- 
grey, the laciniz being often torulose. It is generally fertile, the apo- 
thecia being scattered and at length somewhat large. The spermogones 
are black, minute, with spermatia 0,007 mm. long, about 0,001 mm. 
thick. ; 
Hab. On granitic and quartzose boulders in alpine places.— Distr. Local 
and scarce on the Grampians, Scotland; very rare in N.W. Ireland.— 
B. M.: Ben More and Cairn Gowar, Perthshire; Clova Mts., Forfarshire ; 
Cairn Drochit, Morrone and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Ben 
Nevis, Inverness-shire. Co. Mayo. 
28. P. lanata Wallr. Fl. Germ, iii. (1531) p. 529.—Thallus ex- 
panded, decumbent, loosely appressed, setaceo-filiform, dichotomously 
and intricately branched, olive-brown or brownish-black, somewhat 
shining; beneath paler, with minute rhizine; branches unequal, 
rounded, slender, flexuose, furcate at the apices (K—, CaCl—). 
Apothecia lateral or subterminal, nearly moderate, plane or convex, 
concolorous, the margin subentire or granulato-unequal; spores 
0,007-11 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. thick—Mudd, Man. p. 101; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 35; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 124.—Alectoria lanata 
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 80. Cornicularia lanata Gray, Nat. Arr. 
i. p. 405; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 69; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 238; 
Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 87. Lichen lanatus, Linn. Sp. PI. 
(1753) p. 1153; Eng. Bot. t. 846 (middle fig.). Usnea ceespitosa 
exilis, capillacea atra Dill. Muse. 66, t. 13. f. 9.—As already observed 
the Lichen lanatus of our older writers is Alectoria bicolor, 
A species entirely Alectorioid in habit, so that it might be referred 
to Alectoria. The presence, however, of rhizine on the under surface 
of the thallus, the crenulato-undulate margin of the apothecia, and 
the distinctly Parmelioid character of var. 8 show that it belongs to 
this genus, The thallus is often suberect, and in favourable situations 
spreads extensively. The apothecia are rare, but the spermogones are 
frequent and sometimes so abundant as to render the thalline filaments 
torulose or noduloso-unequal. They are immersed, with sterigmata 
