264 LICHENACEL. 
Tribe XIV. STICTEI Nyl. Syn. i. (1860) p. 332, ut subtribus 
Parmelieorum ; Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. sér. 2, 11. (1867) p. 498. 
Thallus frondosely dilated, lobate or lobato-laciniate, loosely 
affixed to the substratum ; the under surface usually with tomentose 
rhizine, and also pulverulent or sorediiform cyphelle (pseudo- 
cyphelle), or true urceolate or thelotremoid cyphelle; gonidial 
layer consisting either of gonimic granules or of true gonidia. 
Apothecia lecanoroid or parmeleine; spores 8ne, fusiform, usually 
1- or 3-septate, generally colourless or sometimes pale-brownish ; 
paraphyses discrete, usually more or less articulate, moderate, or 
thickish ; hymenial gelatine (especially the apices of the thece) 
blue with iodine. Spermogones with jointed sterigmata. 
The plants of this tribe are for the most part the largest and best 
developed of all lichens. With these “ patricians of lichens,” as they 
were termed by Drs. Taylor and Hooker (Hook. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 635), 
the ascending series in Nylander’s classification culminates. The thallus, 
which in itsearlier stages of growth is orbicular, is usually widely expanded, 
of a coriaceo-membranacesus texture, and frequently, when wet, emits au 
odour as of hemp. In a few species peculiar cephalodia occur either on 
the upper surface, on the margins, or on the lower surface of the thallus 
(vide Nyl. Syn. 1. ¢. p. 333). The great majority of species are found in 
warm climates or in the Southern hemisphere; most of the European 
Fig. 46. 
Lobaria pulmonaria Hoffm.—a. Vertical section of thallus, x200. 6. Gonidia, 
x50. ¢. Vertical section of a small apothecium, x30. d. A theca and 
paraphysis, X350. ¢. ‘Three spores, x 500. f. Vertical section of a spermo- 
gone, X30. g. Jointed sterigmata and spermatia, x 500. 
