284 LICHENACEI. [NEPHROMIUM. 
white, K—). Apothecia small or moderate, reddish-brown, the 
receptacle crenulato-unequal at the margin and depresso-granulate 
at the back ; spores 0,02U-24 mm. long, 0,006—-7 mm. thick.—Cromb. 
Lich. Brit. p. 28; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 104, ed. 3, p. 99.—Nephroma 
levigatum Ach. Syn. (1817) p. 242; Mudd, Man. p. 81. Mephroma 
resupinata Tay]. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 154. Lichen resupinatus 
Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 453; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 843; With. Arr. 
ed. 3, iv. p. 71. Lichenoides fuscum, peltis posticts ferrugineis Dill. 
Muse. 206, t..28. f.1054. Lichenoides saxatile fuscum, peltis in 
aversa foliorum superficie locatis Dill. in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, p. 77, n. 91. 
—NMost of these synonyms refer no doubt to NV. lusitanicum. Lichen 
resupinatus of the older authors included other species, so that it 
cannot be retained. 
Distinguished from the preceding by the absence of tomentum on the 
upper and by the naked under surface of the thallus. The thallus is gene- 
rally of moderate size, and rarely expanded. The apothecia are usually 
numerous, though comparatively small, and the spermogones have the 
spermatia 0,0035-0,040 mm. long (fide Nyl.). 
Hlab. On the trunks of old trees and on mossy boulders in mountainous 
districts.— Distr. Local and scarce in N, England and in the Grampians, 
Scotland.—B. M.: Keswick, Cumberland. Glen Lochay, Killin, Perth- 
shire; Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Craig Cluny, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
3. N. parile Nyl. Flora, 1885, p. 47.—Thallus orbicular, mem- 
branaceous, rotundato-lobed, smooth, subopaque, crisp and ceesio- 
sorediate at the margins; beneath naked, rugulose, brownish-black 
(medulia white, K—). Apothecia very rare, on short lobes; spores 
as in NV. levigatwum.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 77.—Nephromium 
levigatum var. parile Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 28; Leight. Lich. Fl. 
p. 105, ed. 3, p. 99. Nephroma levigatum 3. parile Mudd, Man. 
p- 81. Nephroma parile Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 427; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. 
p- 220. JLachen parilis Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 164, Eng. Bot. t. 2360. 
Lichenoides fuscum, peltis posticis ferrugineis Dill. Muse. 206, t. 28. 
f. 105 8, o.— Brit. Hxs.: Cromb. n. 41. 
Though regarded by more recent authors as a variety of the preceding, 
this differs in the sorediate margins, the colour of the under surface, and 
especially in the size of the spermatia. These, according to Nylander in 
litt., are 0,004 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick; so that it must again be 
raised to its specific rank. The soredia, which are normally marginal, 
are occasionally also more or less scattered over the surface, becoming 
blackish in age. It rarely occurs fertile, and never so with us. 
Hab. On mossy rocks and boulders, and about the roots of old trees, in 
wooded upland districts —Distr. Local in 8. and W. England, in S, Scot- 
land and among the Grampians, in 8.W. and N. Ireland.—B. M.: Ivy 
Bridge, Hennock, near Bovey Tracey, Lustleigh Cleeve, and Totnes, S. 
Devon; Cound Moor and Craigforda, Shropshire; Dolgelly, Twll Du, and 
Rhewgreidden, Merionethshire; Windermere, Westmoreland; Braith- 
waite, Cumberland, Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh; Barcaldine, 
Argyleshire ; Glen Lochay and Pass of Killiecrankie, Perthshire; Craig 
Cluny, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Caledonian Canal, Inverness-shire. 
Near Dunkerron, co. Kerry. 
