300 LICHENACEL, [PHYSCIA. 
Lich. FI. p. 144, ed. 3, p. 183. Squamaria candelaria B. polycarpa 
Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 51; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p.198. Psoroma poly- 
carpum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 445. Lichen polycarpus Khrh. Exs. 
(1785) n. 137;.Eng. Bot. t. 1795.—Brit. Hxs.: Leight. n. 265; 
Mudd, n. 86; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 47. 
Characterized by the less developed granulato-conglomerate thallus, 
which occasionally spreads somewhat extensively, and by the crowded 
apothecia, which may be so numerousas almost to cover the lobes except 
at the immediate circumference. The spores are somewhat smaller than 
in P. parietina. In less favourable habitats it occurs in small, orbicular, 
isolated patches. ; 
Hab. On old pales and trees, chiefly larch, in maritime and upland 
districts. Distr. Found here and there throughout England, in N. Wales, 
and in the Central Highlands of Scotland; not yet seen in Iveland.— 
B. M.: Yarmouth, Suffolk; St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex; Kemble, 
Gloucestershire ; Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire ; Twycross, Leicester- 
shire; near Oswestry, Shropshire; Island of Anglesea; Redcar, Cleve- 
land, Yorkshire; near Hexham, Northumberland. Finlarig and near 
Lawer’s Inn, Killin, Perthshire; Durris, Kincardineshire. 
Form lobulata Cromb. Grevillea, xv. (1887) p. 78.—Thallus 
effuse, scattered, pulvinate, yellowish-orange; lobes very short, 
roundly crenate. Apothecia minute, numerous ; spores 0,012-17 
mm. long, 0,007-8 mm. thick.—Physcia parietina e. lobulata Mudd, 
Man. p. 113; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38. Lecanora lobulata Flirke, 
Deutsch. Fl. Exs. (1821) n. 14.—Brit. Hxs.: Mudd, n. 86. 
Probably a starved state of the type, with which it often grows associ- 
ated, and from which it differs in the smaller and usually more scattered 
thallus and in the minute apothecia. Occasionally the thallus is only 
sparingly visible around the apothecia. 
Hab. On old pales in upland districts —Distr, Only in N. England and 
among the §. and N.E. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M.: Cleveland, York- 
shire. Killin, Perthshire ; Durris, Kincardineshire. 
5. P. lychnea Nyl. ew Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 288.—Thallus 
effuse, microphylline, ascending or erect, lacero-laciniate, orange- 
coloured or tawny-yellow ; beneath paler; lacinize narrow, dissecto- 
multifid, crowded, entire and usually granuloso-pulverulent at the 
margins (Rt Meet pple CaCl_). Apothecia subterminal, scat- 
tered, moderate, concolorous, the margin entire or crenate; spores 
0,011-17 mm. long, 0,007-11 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. 
p. 78.—Physcia parietina subsp. lychnea Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38. 
Physcia parietina yw. lychnea Mudd, Man. p. 114; Leight. Lich. Fl. 
p. 143, ed. 3, p. 182. Parmelia candelaria var. lychnea Ach. Meth. 
(1803) p. 187. Lichen candelarius Eng. Bot. t. 1794 pro parte. 
Lichen concolor Dicks. pro parte, and also probably Lichen candelarius 
pro parte of our older authors.—Brit. Hws.: Leight. n. 11; -Larb. 
Lich. Hb. n. 162. 
The thallus occasionally spreads very extensively over the substratum. 
Though sometimes growing associated with P. parietina, yet it is entitled 
