PHYSCIA. | PHYSCIET. 303 
entire, inflexed, denticulate, or proliferous. In this last condition it is 
digitately fimbriate with laciniole, whence var. actinota (Ach. Meth. 
p- 256). The spermogones, which are usually very numerous, are large, 
prominent, scattered or aggregate, from pale-brown becoming blackish, 
with spermatia cylindrical, 0,004-5 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. In other- 
wise sterile specimens they are sometimes much elevated, rendering the 
thallus verrucoso-papillate, whence var. verrucosa (Ach. Lich. Univ. 
p- 497). 
Hab. On the trunks of old trees, chiefly oaks and elms, in cultivated 
luwland, rarely upland districts.— Distr. General, and plentiful where it 
occurs, in England, much scarcer in the Channel Islands and E. Scot- 
land; apparently very local and rare in N. Wales and E. Ireland.— 
B. M.: Islands of Jersey, Sark, and Guernsey. Norwich, Norfolk ; 
Bury, Suffolk; near Colchester and Walthamstow, Essex; Hythe, Kent; 
Dorking, Surrey; Glynde, Sussex; Winchester, Hants; near Ryde, Isle 
of Wight; Elburton and Newton Bushell, 8. Devon; near Cirencester, 
Gloucestershire ; near Farringdon and Windsor, Berkshire ; near Swin- 
don, Wiltshire ; Madingley, Cambridgeshire; Twycross, Leicestershire ; 
Overthrope, Northamptonshire ; Harboro’ Magna, Warwickshire; Moor 
Park, Herefordshire ; Malvern and Broadwas, Worcestershire ; Clungun- 
ford, Shropshire ; Hopton, Cheshire; Island of Anglesea; near Ayton, 
Cleveland, and Dalby, Yorkshire; Middleton, Teesdale, Durham; Kendal, 
Westmoreland ; near Hexham, Northumberland. Rossyln Woods, Mid- 
lothian; Finlarig, Killin, Perthshire; Foulis, Baldovan, Auldbar, and 
Melgund Castle, Forfarshire; Midmar Castle, Aberdeenshire. Oakpark, 
near Carlow, co. Carlow. 
Var, f. saxicola Nyl. Mém. Soc. Cherb. v. (1857) p. 106, Syn. i. 
p. 414._Thallus smaller, more appressed, greenish- or dark-cervine ; 
lacinie narrow, with sordid or brownish-black marginal cilia. 
Apothecia naked.—Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 22; Cromb. Lich. 
brit. p. 38 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 146, ed. 3. p. 184.—Borrera ciliaris 
var. 3. saxicola Mudd, Man. p. 105. 
The darker colour of the’ more appressed thallus and the narrower 
laciniz distinguish this variety, which sometimes occurs where the type 
is unknown. In this country it is only sterile, in which condition it is 
Parmelia ciliaris vay. y. melanosticta Ach. Meth. p. 255. 
Hab. On rocks and walls (rarely on bare sandy soil) in maritime and 
mountainous regions.—Distr. Local aud scarce in the Channel Islands, 
S., W., and N. England, the N. Grampians, Scotland, and in 8.W. Ire- 
land.—B. M.: Quenvais, Island of Jersey. Withiel, Cornwall; Buxton, 
Derbyshire ; near Little Malvern, Worcestershire; Holyhead, Island of 
Anglesea; near Langbraugh, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Craig Tulloch, 
Blair Athole, Perthshire; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Sybil 
Head, co. Kerry. 2 
8. P. leucomela Mich. Fl. Bor.-Amer. (1803) p. 356.—Thallus 
diffuse, subcespitose, lineari-laciniate, whitish or glaucous-white ; 
beneath white, subgranulose, subcanaliculate or plane; lacinie 
narrow, lax, subascending, fibrilloso-ciliate at the margins (Ktyellow, 
CaCl] yellow). Apothecia lateral, pedicellate, moderate, plane, cxesio- 
pruinose, the margin radiating ; spores often subquadrilocular, 
