310 LICHENACEI. [PHY¥scIs 
Hab. Among mosses on rocks in subalpine regions.— Dist. Only very 
sparingly in W. England and the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M.: 
orth Hill, Malvern, Worcestershire. Ben Lawers, Perthshire. 
12. P. aquila Ny]. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. (1856) p. 309. 
—Thallus suborbicular, appressed, narrowly laciniate, chestnut- 
brown; beneath pale and sparingly blackish-fibrillose ; laciniee multi- 
partite, somewhat convex, explanate at the circumference, imbri- 
cato-congested (K—, CaCl_). Apothecia adnate, moderate, con- 
cave or somewhat plane, brownish-black, the margin tumid, sub- 
crenate; spores 0,030-44 mm. long, 0,018-25 mm. thick.—Cromb. 
Lich. Brit. p. 39; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 153, ed. 8, p. 142.—Borrera 
aquila, Mudd, Man. p.111. Parmelia aquila Gray, Nat. Arr. i. 
p. 441; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 54; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 203; Tayl. in 
Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 148. Lichen aquilus Ach. Prodr. (1798) 
p. 109; Eng. Bot. t.982. Lichen pullus Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 825. 
Lichen fuscus Huds. Fl. Angl, ed. 2, p.533. Lichen obscurus With. 
Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 28. Lichenoides angustifolium fuscum, scutellis 
pullis Dill. Muse. 175, t. 24. f. 69.—Bmt. Has.: Leight. n. 144; 
Larb. Cesar. n. 28; Dicks. Hort. Sic. 25; Bohl. n. 111. 
Easily recognized by its chestnut-brown, narrowly laciniate thallus, 
and by its saxiculous habitat. The thallus, of which the cortical layer 
presents intricate tubulose cavities, is sometimes widely expanded, in 
which case in old plants it occasionally becomes zonately centrifugal. 
States occasionally occur with us passing into var. s¢¢ppea (Ach.), but not 
sufficiently typical. The apothecia are common, sometimes very nume- 
rous and aroeded, with the spores often thicker at one or the other apex. 
The spermogones also are not unfrequent. 
Hab. On rocks in maritime districts, rarely on hills at some distance 
from the sea in upland tracts.—Distr. General and not uncommon on 
most of the rocky coasts of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel 
Islands; very abundant on the coast of Kincardineshire in N.E. Scotland. 
—B. M.: Petit Port, Island of Jersey; Island of Guernsey. Near 
Chichester, Sussex ; ‘Torquay, Bolt Head, Hay Tor, Dartmoor, and near 
Okehampton, Devonshire; ‘l'emple Moor, Stoneyford, Penzance, The 
Lizard, Roche rocks, and Helminton, Cornwall; Mynydd~y-Myfyr, near 
Oswestry, Shropshire; near Tenby, Pembrokeshire; Barmouth and 
Harlech Castle, Merionethshire; Llanberis, Carnarvonshire ; Holyhead, 
Island of Anglesea; Douglas Head, Isle of Man; Holy Island, North- 
umberland ; Barrowmouth, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbright- 
shire; King’s Park and Turfin Hill, near Edinburgh ; Barcaldine, Argyle- 
shire; Portlethen, Kincardineshire; near Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. 
Ballycotton and Mizen Head, co. Cork; Kenmare River, co? Kerry ; 
Connemara, co. Galway; Ardglass, co. Down. 
13. P. stellaris Nyl. Flora, 1870, p. 38.—Thallus orbicular, 
stellari-appressed, multifido-laciniate, white, greyish or glaucous- 
white; beneath whitish, with greyish fibrillose rhizine ; laciniv sub- 
linear, convex, contiguous (K+Y0” CaCl). Apothecia submode- 
