@YROPHORA. | GYROPHOREI. 329 
cellato, large, numerous, much gyroso-plicate.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 
1882, p- 273.—Umbilicaria cylindrica var. Delise: Despr. fide Nyl. 
Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 117. 
A well-marked variety, distinguished by the characters of the thallus 
and of the apothecia. In the few British specimens seen the thallus is 
thick, shortly fibrillose or nearly quite naked at the margins, beneath of 
a somewhat pale pink colour and rhizinose, especially towards the cir- 
cumference. The apothecia are large, crowded, and much gyroso-plicate. 
Hab. On rocks and boulders in alpine places.—Distr. Only on the 
summits of two of the loftiest Scottish Grampians.—B. M.: Ben-naboord, 
Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. 
Var. y. tornata Fr. fil. Lich. Scand. (1871) p. 157.—Thallus 
polyphyllous, complicate, more or less rugose on the upper surface ; 
lobes congested, ascending, undulate, crisp, naked or subnaked at 
the margins.—Gyrophora tornata Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 222, 
t. 2. £.13. Gyrophora proboscideu 6. exasperata Turn. & Borr, Lich. 
Br. p. 219. Umbilicaria varia t. proboscidea d. exasperata Leight. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 294. Gyrophora cylindrica 
d. evasperata Mudd, Man. p. 119. Unmbilicaria cylindrica torm 
. exasperata Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 162, ed. 3, p. 149. 
Characterized by the smaller, subeffuse, polyphyllous thallus and the 
congested ascending lobes, which are nearly naked at the margins. In 
the British specimens the apothecia, which are small, are but rarely 
present. 
Hab. On rocks and boulders in subalpine regions.—Distr. Very 
sparingly in W. and N. England, and among the Grampians, Scotland.— 
3. M.: Falcon Clints, Teesdale, Durham. Cairn Turc, Braemar, Aber- 
deenshire. 
4. G. erosa Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 103.—Thallus monophyllous, 
thin, rigid, rugose, densely cribrose, erose or eroso-laciniate at the 
margins, olive-brown or brownish-black ; beneath naked, usually 
thinly granulose, pale-brown (K_, CaCl_). Apothecia somewhat 
prominent, at first plane and thinly margined, at length convex and 
immarginate, gyroso-plicate; spores 0,011-12 mm. long, 0,006-7 
mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 79 (pro parte).— Lichen erosus 
Weber, Spic. Fl. Gott. (1778) p. 259.—G@yrophora erosa of other 
British authors belongs entirely to the following species. 
Easily known by the peculiar reticulato-perforate upper surface and the 
usually finely lacero-laciniate margins of the thallus, It is also generally 
marked above by flexuose anastomosing black, indented lines, whence it 
appears as if insculpt with rivulose sutures. The apothecia are small, 
numerous, at first but very slightly, afterwards more plicate. 
Hab. On rocks in alpine regions.— Distr. Very local and rare on one or 
two of the higher Scottish Grampians—B. M.: Lochnagar, Morrone, 
and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
5. G. torrefacta Cromb. Grevillea, xii. (1884) p. 74.—Thallus 
monophyllous, somewhat thickish, plicato-rugose, scarcely cribrose, 
