330 LICHENACEL, [@YRoPHORA. 
usually little or non-eroso-laciniate at the margins, olive-brown or 
brownish-black ; beneath lacunulose or trabeculose, granulose, more 
or less fibrillose, pale-brownish (K(CaCl) 7 reddish)" Apothecia and 
spores as in the preceding species.—Lichen torrefactus Lightf. Fl. 
Scot. ii. (1777) p. 862; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 62. Umbilicaria 
erosa var. torrida (Ach.), Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 41. Gyrophora 
erosa Eng. Bot. t. 2066; Turn. & Borr. Lich. Br. p. 229; Gray, 
Nat. Arr. i. p. 477; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 42; Sm. Eng, Fl. v. 
p. 218; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 155; Mudd, Man. p. 117. 
Ombilicaria erosa Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 41 pro parte; Leight. Lich. 
Fl. p. 158, ed. 3, p.145. Umbilicuria varia e. erosa Leight. Ann. 
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 284. Lichen polyrhizos Huds. Fl. 
Angl. p. 455. Lichenoides rugosum durum pullum, peltis atris ver- 
rucosis Dill, Muse. 118, t. 30. f. 118.—Brit. Hvs.: Bohl. n. 19, 
This has often either been confounded with or regarded as a variety of 
G. erosa, to which it is closely allied. It differs, however, in the cha- 
racters of the upper and lower surfaces of the thallus, as also in the reaction 
of the medulla. For these reasons it has been raised to specitic rank by 
Nylander (Flora, 1869, p. 887, s.n. Umbilicaria torrida (Ach.), Nyl.). 
Where the plant is abundant, the thallus is sometimes more or less deeply 
laciniato-divided at the circumference (form subdividens Nyl. ex Cromb. 
Journ. Bot. 1882, p. 273), and the lacunoso-trabeculose and _fibrillose 
under surface is aptly compared in Eng. Bot. to “shavings.” The apo- 
thecia are numerous, becoming when old large and beautifully gyroso- 
plicate, almost as in G. polyrrhiza, ; . 
Hab. On rocks and boulders in upland and subalpine regions.—Distr. 
General and common in most of the mountainous tracts of Great Britain 
and Ireland—B. M.: Walkhampton and Dartmoor, Devonshire; Cader 
Idris and near Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Carnedd Dafydd, Carnarvon- 
shire; Swinhope Fell, Durham; The Cheviots, Northumberland. New 
Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Goatfell, Island of Arran; Ben Cruachan, 
Argyleshire; Ben More and Ben Lawers, Perthshire; Katelaw and 
Clova, Forfarshire; Craig Coinnoch and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aber- 
deenshire ; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. Killarney Mts, and Mangerton,- 
co. Kerry ; Curslieve, co. Mayo; Doughruagh Mis., co. Galway. 
6. G. hyperborea Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 105.—Thallus mono- 
phyllous, moderate, thin, unequal, papuloso-rugose, more or less 
lacerate at the margins, olive-brown or blackish-brown; beneath 
glabrous, sublacunoso-unequal, blackish or brownish-black, usually 
somewhat greyish (K_, CaCl, 4). Apothecia at first simple, 
lirelleeform, at length gyroso-complicate; spores 0,013-16 mm. 
long, 0,007-8 mm. thick.—Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 227; Mudd, 
Man. p. 117.—Umbilicaria hyperborea Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 41; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 157, ed. 3, p. 145. Umbilicaria varia y. hyper- 
borea Leight. Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 282. Lichen 
hyperboreus Ach. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1794, p. 89, t. 2. f.2. Lichen 
pullus Dicks. Crypt. fase. ii. p. 23. Lichen Jacquin With. ? Arr. 
ed. 3, iv. p. 62. 
