336 LICHEN ACEI. [PANNARIA, 
Owing to the separation of the following genus formerly included in it, 
this is now much better limited both in the character of the thallus and 
of the apothecia. Most of the species are exotic; but, with a few ex- 
ceptions, those which are European occur in this country. 
DEIDDIIHSO GB 200 
S28 G020 0088 SCO 
oO Qe0S VoD ON 9.¢ 
d 
Fig. 55. 
Pannaria rubiginosa Del.—a. Vertical section of thallus with hypothalline 
filaments, x 200. 0. A theca and paraphyses, x350. cv. Spores, x 500. d. 
Jointed sterigmata and spermatia, 500. 
1. P. rubiginosa Del. in Dub. Bot. Gall. (1803) p. 606.—Thallus 
orbicular, membranaceous, appressed, smooth, laciniate at the cir- 
cumference, livid-giaucous or pale; lacinize somewhat plane, inciso- 
lobulate and crenate, crenulate and silvery-white ‘at the margins ; 
hypothallus spongioso-tomentose, bluish-black. Apothecia mode- 
rate, plane, red or reddish-brown, the thalline margin crenulate, 
silvery-white ; spores ellipsoid, often somewhat acuminate at the 
apices, 0,017-30 mm. long, 0,006-0,011 mm. thick; hymenial 
gelatine bluish with iodine-—Mudd, Man. p. 122; Cromb. Lich. 
Brit. p. 42; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 164, ed. 3, p. 150.—Parmelia ru- 
biginosa Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 440; Hook. FIL. Scot. ii. p. 53. Par- 
melia plumbea . affints Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 142. Lichen 
rubiginosus Thunb. Fl. Cap. (179+) p. 176. Squamaria affinis Sm. 
Eng. FL. v. p. 196. Lechen affinis Dicks. Crypt. fase. iv. p. 24, t. 12. 
f. 6; Eng. Bot. t. 983.— Brit. Hvs.: Leight. n. 234; Cromb, n. 53; 
Larb, Lich. Hb. n. 11. , 
A rather beautiful plant, well marked by the silvery-white margins of 
the lacinie and by the bluish-black hypothallus, In the centre the 
