344 LICHENACEI. [PANNULARIA. 
Subsimilar to the preceding species, but differs at once in the determi- 
nately 8-septate and larger spores. At first sight it looks almost like 
Pterygium pannariellum, but it is not distinctly radiate at the circum- 
ference, and is more definitely separated by the presence of a more or less 
visible hypothallus. ‘he apothecia are rather scattered and not numerous 
in the British specimens. 
Hab. On micaceo-schistose rocks in subalpine and alpine regions.— 
Distr. Only sparingly among the S. and Central Grampians, Scotland.— 
B.M.: Craig Calliach, Ben Lawers, and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire. 
6. P. melantera Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. (1889) p. 44.—Thallus 
effuse, diffracto-squamose, black, beneath bluish-black ; squamules 
thickish, minutely. papillose. Apothecia small, sessile, plane or 
somewhat convex, the margin shining; spores oblong, 1-3-septate 
or simple, 0,03-0,045 mm. long, 0,0045-0,005 mm. thick ; hypo- 
thecium brownish ; hymenial gelatine bluish, the thece tawny with 
iodine.—Pannaria melantera Stirt. Scot. Nat. 1879, p. 16; Leight. 
Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 544. 
Said by Dr. Stirton, /.¢., to be similar to P. dolichotera Nyl., a Scandi- 
navian plant, but with longer spores. Evidently it would differ also, ac- 
cording to the diaynosis given, in the more squamose thallus and the 
distinct hypothallus. In the absence, however, of any specimen, I regard 
it as a doubtful species (probably only subsp. P. psotena). 
Hab. On mica-schist rocks in an (?) alpine situation —Distr, Found 
only on the 8S. Grampians, Scotland (Ben Lawers, Perthshire). 
7. P. carnosa Cromb. Grevillea, xii. (1884) p. 62.—Thallus sub- 
determinate, squamuloso-lobed, livid- or cervine-brown; lobes 
variously divided or crenato-incised, imbricate or ascending and 
congested, usually granuloso-crenate at the margins, whitish beneath; 
hypothallus brownish-black, evanescent. Apothecia biatorine, small 
or slightly concave, reddish-brown or dark-red, the margin paler ; 
spores oblong, oblongo-fusiform or rarely ellipsoid, simple or obso- 
letely 1-septate, 0,016-31 mm. long, 0,005-8 mm. thick; hymenial 
gelatine yellow (the apices of the thece deep bluish) with iodine.— 
Pannaria carnosa Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 169, ed. 3, p. 155. Massa- 
longia carnosa Mudd, Man. p. 126, t. ii. f.39. Lichen carnosus 
Dicks. Crypt. fase. ii. (1790) p. 21, t. vi. f.. 7; With. Arr. iv. p. 33; 
Eng. Bot. t. 1684. Pannaria muscorum (Ach.) Cromb. Lich. Brit. 
p. 43. Squamaria muscorum Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 194. Lecanora 
muscorum Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p.51; Tayl.in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 189. 
Psoroma muscorum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 446.—Brit. Exs.: Cromb. 
n. 154; Leight. n. 393. 
Readily recognized from other British species by the colour of the more 
distinctly squamulose thallus and by the variable narrow spores. The 
thallus is thinnish, usually spreading somewhat extensively over the sub- 
stratum, but at times smaller, determinate, and bordered by the hypo- 
thallus. The apothecia are generally small and numerous, sometimes 
fewer and moderate, with the spores occasionally obsoletely brownish. 
Hab. Among mosses on rocks and boulders in maritime and moun- 
tainous districts.—Distr. Local, though plentiful, in S.W., W., and N, 
