362 LICHENACEI, [LECANORA, 
uot uncommon.—B. M.: Near Groombridge, Sussex; near Stroud and 
King’s Stanley, Gloucestershire ; Gopsall, Leicestershire ; Ayton, Cleve- 
land, Yorkshire ; Brigsteer, Westmoreland. 
13. L. callopisma Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 437.—Thallus 
orbicular, closely adnate, smooth, radiato-lobed, bright-yellow, often 
very thinly white-suffused; lobes rimoso-areolate in the centre, 
dilated and nearly plane at the circumference (K+purplish). Apo- 
thecia subsessile, plane or slightly convex, orange-coloured (K+ 
purple}; the thalline margin thickish, flexuose or subcrenulate, 
paler; spores broadly citriformi-ellipsoid, 0,008-15 mm. long, 
0,006-10 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 45.—Placodium 
callopismum Mudd, Man. p. 188, t.ii. f.42; Cromb, Enum, p. 45; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 176, ed. 3, p. 162. Lichen murorum Eng. Bot. 
t. 2157 (upper fig.). Lichen candelarius 3. Lightf. ? Fl. Scot. ii. p.811. 
Lichenoides crustosum, orbiculis et scutellis flavis Dill. Muse. 236, 
t. 18. f.18 A, C.— Brit. Exs.: Leight. n. 118; Larb. Lich. Hb. 
n. 164. 
Subsimilar to LZ. mrorum, but well distinguished by the form of the 
peripheral radii, and more especially by the shape of the spores. The 
apothecia are generally numerous, becoming convex, with the thalline 
margin at length excluded. The spermogones, which are rarely present, 
have the spermatia bacilliform, 0,040-50 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. thick. 
Hab. On rocks and the mortar of walls, often on old ruins, in mari- 
time and upland districts.—Distv. Rather local in Great Britain; not 
seen from Ireland; rare in the Channel Islands—B. M.: Island of 
Guernsey. Framlingham, Suffolk; near Torquay and Plymouth, S. 
Devon; Ballieniptan owns, Somersetshire ; near Cirencester, Gloucester- 
shire; Quy Churchyard, Cambridgeshire; near Bonsall, Tong Priory, 
and Llanymynech Hill, Shropshire. Blair Athole, Perthshire. 
Subsp. L sympagea Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 197.—Thallus smaller, 
somewhat shining, smoothish, or ruguloso in the centre ; lacinie 
narrow, contiguous, convex, incurved and subcrenate at the apices 
(K + purplish). Apothecia somewhat small.—Cromb. Grevillea, 
xviii. p. 45.—Lichen sympageus Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 105. Pla- 
codium callopismum var. plicatum (Wedd.), Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 177, 
ed. 3, p. 163, In Herb. H. Davies there is a specimen with miniate 
thallus s. n. Lichen fulvus Dicks., but vide supra p. 299. According 
to Acharius (Lich. Univ. p. 47) it is Lichen aurantius Pers. in Ust. 
Anu. Bot. ii. p. 14, which, being only another form of the prior 
trivial name Lichen aurantiacus Lightf., cannot be retained in 
Lecanora.— Brit. Exs.: Mudd, nos. 94, 96; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 15. 
Externally often more resembling states of subsp. L. tegularis, but 
definitely separated by the form of the spores. From the type it differs 
so much in the lacinie, that it is well entitled to rank at least as a 
subspecies. The thallus, also, is usually smaller, often more or less 
shining and waxy-looking (miniate in maritime situations), with the 
apothecia fewer and smaller. 
Hab. On rocks, chiefly calcareous, and on mortar of walls in mari- 
time (chiefly) and upland districts.— Distr, General and not uncommon 
