376 LICHENACEI. [LECANORA. 
verrucoso-unequal, or subsmooth, greyish or greyish-white (K+ 
purplish). Apothecia small or submoderate, biatorine, plane or at 
length convex, bright rusty-red (K+purple), the proper margin 
thin, undulate, subpersistent ; spores ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, with 
longitudinal tube or none, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,006-9 mm. thick. 
—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47; Leight. Lich. Fl. (forma corticola) 
p. 219, ed. 3, p. 208.—Callopisma ferruyineum Mudd, Man. p. 139. 
Lecidea ferruginea Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 184 pro parte; Tayl. in Mack. 
FL. Hib. ii. p. 128 pro parte; Lichen ferrugineus Huds. Fl. Angl. 
(1762) p. 444; Eng. Bot. t. 1650. Lecidea ccesio-rufa Gray, Nat. 
Arr. i. p. 473 pro parte ; Hook. FI. Scot. ii. p. 39 pro parte. Lichen 
vernalis Lightf. Fl. Scot, ii. p. 805 pro parte. Lichenoides leprosum, 
tuberculis fuscis et ferrugineis Dill. Muse. 126, t. 18. f. 4 pro parte. 
— Brit. Exs.: Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 95; Bohl. n. 108. 
Easily recognized by the colour of the apothecia. In its typical state 
it is corticolous, seldom, at least in this country, saxicolous. The thallus 
varies considerably in thickness; when it is little developed the greyish- 
black hypothallus is here and there visible. It is usually well fertile, 
with numerous apothecia, which are occasionally proliferous. They are 
rarely crowned by the thallus when thicker and verrucose, whence form 
sublecanorina Ny]. Flora, 1873, p. 197, which occurs also in the variety. 
Hab. On trunks of trees, very rarely on schistose rocks, in maritime 
and upland situations.—Distr. General in most parts of England; rarer 
in Scotland and Ireland; very rare in the Channel Islands— B. M.: 
Island of Guernsey. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk; Epping Forest and 
Widdington, Essex ; Hurst, St. Leonard’s Forest, Lewes and Brighton, 
Sussex; New Forest, Hants; Isle of Wight ; near Plymouth, Devonshire; 
near Bocconoc, St. Minver, and Penzance, Cornwall; Oswestry, Shrop- 
shire; Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Island of Anglesea; Cleveland, York- 
shire; Teesdale, Durham; Levens, Westmoreland. Largs, Ayrshire ; 
near Stirling; Finlarig and Kenmore, Perthshire. Kenmare and Glen- 
more Lake, co. Kerry ; Kylemore, Connemara, co. Galway. 
Var. 8. festiva Nyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 143.—Thallus thin 
or thinnish, greyish or dark, rimuloso-areolate, often evanescent. 
Apothecia small, with the proper margin entire, flexuose or crenu- 
late, at length convex and immarginate.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47; 
Grevillea, xviii. p. 45.—L. ferruginea forms sawicola, festiva Leight. 
Lich. Fl. pp. 219, 220, ed. 3, pp. 208, 209. Callopisma ferrugi- 
neum B. festiva Mudd, Man. p. 139. Lecidea cesio-rufa B. festiva 
Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 44. Lichen crenularius With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 
p. 405 (errore crenulatus p. 22). Lecanora ferruginea var. crenu- 
laria Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47.— Brit. Hvs.: Leight. n. 85; Mudd, 
n. 102; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 165. 
When best developed almost confluent with the type. The thallus is 
very rarely whitish (in the darker states K —), and is frequently entirel 
absent. The apothecia are small or minute, at times crowded, with the 
margin often inflexed and more or less crenulate, whence Lichen crenu- 
larius With. 
Hab. On rocks in maritime and mountainous districts—Déstr. Not 
unfrequent and plentiful where it occurs in Gyeat Britain and 
