378 LICHENACEL. [LECANORA. 
(non Nyl.) Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1873, p. 1383; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, 
p. 213. 
A peculiar species known only from Scotland and Norway. It is now 
regarded by Nylander as distinct from L. ferruginea in its limited accep- 
tation on account of the typically lecanorine apothecia. Specimens in 
which these are darker-coloured, and with a few exceptions entirely 
biatorine in appearance, closely approach L. nigricans Tuck., which, 
however, has the thallus little developed. 
Hab. On schistose rocks in a maritime tract.—Distr, Extremely local 
in N.E. Scotland.—B. M.: Near Portlethen, Kincardineshire. 
37. L. cesiorufa Nyl. Flora, 1880, p. 388.—Thallus subdeter- 
minate, rimoso- or diffracto-areolate, rugose, thickish, ceesio-greyish 
(Kf£+purplish), Apothecia moderate, biatorine, at first concave, 
then plane, rusty-orange-coloured (K+ purple), the margin pro- 
minent, entire or inflexed, paler; spores ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, 
with longitudinal tube, 0,014-16 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. thick ; 
hypothecium lax; paraphyses slender, jointed towards the apices ; 
hymenial gelatine at length wine-red with iodine.—Cromb. Journ. 
Bot. 1882, p. 273. It may be Lecidea cesio-rufa of British authors 
pro parte. 
Well separated from L. ferruginea, with which until recently it has 
usually been confounded, not merely by minor differences of the thallus 
and apothecia, but more especially by the hypothecium, the cells of which 
are much less compact (fide Nyl. in litt.). The numerous apothecia are 
at times undulate and subcrenulate at the margins. 
Hab. On rocks, chiefly sandstone and schist, in maritime and upland 
districts.— Distr. Seen only from a few localities in the Channel Islands, 
8.W. and W. England, 8. Scotland, the 8.W. Highlands, and 8.W. 
Treland.—B. M.: La Moye, Island of Jersey; Chateau Poiut, Island of 
Sark. The Lizard, Cornwall; Hollybush Hill, Malvern; St. Bees, 
Cumberland. Rerwick, Kirkcudbrightshire ; near Edinburgh ; Island of 
Lismore, Argyleshire. Kilkee, co. Clare. 
38. L. pheocarpella Nyl. Flora, 1880, p. 388 nota.—Thallus 
indeterminate, thin, macular, greyish-white, often nearly obsolete 
K—). Apothecia small, biatorine, plane, brown or dark-brown, 
often slightly aruginoso-suffused (K+ purple), colourless within, 
thinly margined; paraphyses moderate, brownish at the apices; 
spores ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, often with longitudinal tube, 
0,014-18 mm. long, 0,006-11 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xix. 
p. 60.—Lecanora nigricans (non Tuck.), Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. 
p. 45. 
Near L. nigricans (Tuck.), with which it was at one time joined by 
Nylander as a state (Lapp. Or. p. 128), but is now regarded by him as 
distinct. Like others of the more immediately allied species it looks 
almost a variety of L. ferruginea. The biatorino-lecideine apothecia in 
the only British specimen gathered are frequent. 
* Hab. On the trunk of a fir-tree in a mountainous region.— Distr. Only 
among the N. Grampians, Scotland, where probably it is not rare.— 
B. M.: Craig Cluny, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
