LECANORA. | LECANO-LECIDEEY, 423 
thinly pruinose (epithecium CaCl—); the thalline margin undulate, 
at length nearly obliterated ; spores ellipsoid, 0,011-13 mm. long, 
0,006-7 mm. thick; epithecium granulose, brown; hymenial 
gelatine bluish, the thece violet with iodine.—Leight. Lich. Fl. 
p. 216, ed. 3, p. 205.—Lecanora glaucoma var. subcarnea Mudd, 
Man. p. 153; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 50. Lecidea subcarnea Sm. 
Eng. Fl. v. p. 184. Lichen subcarneus Sw. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1791, 
p. 126. Lichen pallescens With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 2, pro parte. 
Usually regarded as a variety of the preceding species, but, among 
other characters, at once differs in the reaction of the epithecium. The 
thallus in entire specimens is subradiate at the circumference, but is 
usually widely expanded. The apothecia are numerous, and occasionally 
become substipitate. 
Hab. On rocks in maritime and upland mountainous districts.—Distr. 
Local in the Channel Islands, N. Wales, N, England, on the Grampians, 
and in N.E. Scotland.—B. M.: Boulay Bay, Island of Jersey; Island of 
Alderney. Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Keighley and Ayton, Cleveland, 
Yorkshire. Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire ; near Porlethen, 
Kincardineshire ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
102. L. fuscescens Nyl. Flora, 1872, p. 552, nota 1,.—Thallus 
subdeterminate, thinly granulose, whitish or greyish (K+ yellowish, 
CaCl—); hypothallus thin, brownish-black. Apothecia small or 
submoderate, adnate or adnato-sessile, plane, thinly margined, pale- 
brown or blackish, internally whitish; paraphyses submoderate, 
blackish or brownish at the clavate apices; spores globular or sub- 
globose, 0,006-9 mm. long, 0,005-7 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine 
bluish, the thece at length wine-coloured or tawny-reddish with 
iodine.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1875, p. 140; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, 
p. 200.—Lecidea fuscescens Somm. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. (1826) p. 161. 
Formerly regarded by authors as a Lecidea ( Biatora), this, as pointed 
out by Nylander Z. ¢c., is in reality a Lecanora with gonidia intruded in 
the margin of the apothecia. In a young state these are truly lecanorine, 
though afterwards they become convex and immarginate so as to appear 
biatoroid. In the British specimens, which are well fertile, the thallus 
is rather scattered, with the hypothallus predominant. According to 
Th. M. Fries (Lich. Scand. p. 461) the spermatia are “long, acicular, 
curved.” 
Hab. On trunks of birch in a mountainous district—Distr. Only 
sparingly on one of the N. Grampians, Scotland—B. M.: Morrone, 
peed Aberdeenshire. 
c. Thallus uniform, K~—. 
103. L. umbrina Nyl. Bull. Soc. Bot. t. xiii. (1866) p. 369,— 
Thallus subeffuse, thinnish, granulato-unequal, sordid-greenish or 
greyish (K—,CaCl—). Apothecia somewhat small, plane, umbrine- 
brown, at times slightly czesio-suffused; the thalline margin thin, 
whitish, subcrenulate ; spores 0,008-12 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. 
thick ; paraphyses thickish, jointed, brownish at the clavate apices ; 
