452 LICHENACEL, [LECANORA. 
thin, black. Apothecia small or moderate, appressed, plane or at 
length somewhat convex, brownish-black or badious-brown, the 
thalline margin entire or slightly crenulate ; spores fusiformi- 
ellipsoid, 0,009-15 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. thick; paraphyses 
robust, brownish at the apices.—Mudd, Man. p. 144, t. 2. f. 50; 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 53; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 212, ed. 3, p. 198.— 
Rinodina badia, Gray, Nat, Arr. i. p. 450. Lichen badius, Pers. 
Ust. Ann. Bot. vii. (1794) p. 27.—Brit. Eus.: Leight. n. 206 ; 
Mudd, n. 110; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 334. 
A well-marked species easily recognized by the colour of the thallus 
and of the apothecia. It spreads extensively over the substratum, and is 
always well fertile. In alpine situations the apothecia have the thalline 
margin more or less flexuose. The spermogones are frequent, with sper- 
matia 0,007-0,010 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. Very singularly the plant 
was overlooked by our older authors, though in Sowerby’s herbarium it 
appears s. n. Lichen squamulosus from Teesdale (Lecanora squamulosa 
Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 109). 
Hab. On rocks and boulders from maritime to alpine tracts, —Distr. 
General and common in most parts of Great Britain and Ireland; rare in 
the Channel Islands.—B. M.: Noirmont, Island of Jersey; Island of 
Guernsey. Bolt Head, 8. Devon: near Penzance, Cornwall; Bardon 
Hill, Leicestershire ; Malvern, Worcestershire ; near Buxton, Derbyshire ; 
Long Mynd, Shropshiré ; Barmouth and Dolgellv, Merionethshire; Llyn 
Geirionydd, Carnarvon; Roseberry, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale and 
near Eglestone, Durham; Blacklot and Stavely Head, Westmoreland ; 
Ennerdale, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Appin, 
Argyleshire; Ben Lawers, Perthshire; Nigg and Portlethen, Kincar- 
dineshire ; Cairn Turc and Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Glen Nevis, 
Inverness-shire. Mount Leinster, co. Carlow; Kylemore Castle, co. 
Galway; Lurgedon Mt. and near Carnlough, co. Antrim. 
Var. @. cinerascens Nyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 170.—Thallus 
paler, greyish, with the thalline margin of the apothecia conco- 
lorous: otherwise as in the type—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 54; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 213, ed. 3, p. 198. 
Differs only in colour; but this is so marked as to entitle it, in the 
absence of intermediate states, to rank as a good variety. 
Hab. On shady schistose rocks and walls in maritime and moun- 
tainous districts.— Distr. Local in 8. Wales, the Central Grampians and 
N.E. Scotland.—B. M.: Cader Idris, Merionethshire. Craig Tulloch, 
Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire. 
Subsp. L. picea Nyl. Flora, 1868, p. 478.—Thallus and apothecia 
pitch-black, shining; spores oblong, 0,007-11 mm. long, 0,004-5 
mm. thick.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1869, p. 108; Lich. Brit. p. 54.— 
L. badia form picea, Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 214, ed. 3, p. 199. 
Characterized by the colour of the thallus and of the apothecia, and 
more especially by the smaller spores. This latter character keeps it 
distinct from darker states of the type with which it might be con- 
