458 LICHENACEI. [LECANORS, 
paraphyses scarcely discrete, the apices incrassate-—Hook. Fl. Scot. 
ii. p. 49; Sm. Eng. Fl. v.p. 190; Leight. Angi. Lich. p. 86, t. 14. 
f.1; Lich. Fl. p. 230, ed. 3, p. 222; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 58.— 
Phialopsis rubra Mudd, Man. p. 166, t. 3. £. 58. Rinodina rubra 
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 457. Verrucaria rubra Hoftm. Pl. Lich. i. 
(1793) p. 81. Lichen Ulmi Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 2218.— Brit. Hus. : 
Leight. n. 236; Mudd, n. 138; Cromb. n. 168. 
Well characterized by the constantly 3-septate spores, which separate 
it from all the other species of the genus, so that it has been placed by 
sporologists in a distinct genus Phialopsis. From the form of the apo- 
thecia it might at first sight be taken for a Gyalecta approaching 
L. foveolaris ; but it isat once removed from this by their distinct thalline 
margin. The thallus spreads very extensively over the substratum. 
The apothecia are numerous, becoming at length dark-red. The spermo- 
gones have not yet been detected. 
Hab. On trunks of old elms, occasionally overspreading mosses on 
walls and rocks in upland districts—Dvstr. Local in W. and N. England, 
and on the Central and N. Grampians, Scotland; other localities from 
which it has been reported being very doubtful—B.M.: Wigmore 
Castle, Herefordshire; Craig-y-Rhiw, near Oswestry, Shropshire; near 
Rievaulx, Bilsdale, and Greta Bridge, Yorkshire. Craig Tulloch, Blair 
Athole, Perthshire; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 
M. Apothecia lecanorine; spores 8ne or 4-Gne, very rarely 2ne, 
large, simple, colourless; hymenial gelatine bluish with iodine. 
Spermogones with simple sterigmata and acicular ‘straight 
spermatia. (Ochrolechia Mass. Rich. (1852) p. 30.) 
154. L. tartarea Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 371, t.7. £.3.— 
Thallus orbiculari-expanded, thick, tartareous, granuloso- or ver- 
rucoso-conglomerate, unequal, whitish or 
greyish-white (K+yellowish, the apices 
of the verruce CaCl+red); hypothallus 
white, often indistinct. Apothecia large, 
concave, plane or tuberculato-convex, 
rugulose, pale-testaceous (CaCl+ reddish); 
the thalline margin thick, entire or in- 
flexed, at length undulate; spores 8ne, 
ellipsoideo-ublong, 0,040-72 mm. long, 
0,027-40 mm. thick; paraphyses thin, 
not well discrete-——Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. a b 
p. 49; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 191; Tayl. in Fig. 67. 
Mack. 7, 1b. i. y. 138% Modi, Man, 2eavere Baraca — te A 
p. 166, # fi, £ SL; Crom, Lich. Brit, tain” “Sea” spermar 
p. 54; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 187, ed. 3, x 5uv, ; 
p- 175.—Rinodina tartarea Gray, Nat. 
Arr.i. p. 455. Lichen tartareus Linn. Sp. Pl. (1758) p. 1141; 
Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 444; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 811; With. Arr, 
ed, 3, iv. p. 23; Eng. Bot. t. 156. Lichenoides crustaceum et lepro- 
