LECANORA. | LECANO-LECIDEEI. 459 
sum, acetabulis majoribus luteis, limbis argenteis Dill. in Ray Syn. 
ed. 3,71. 46; Muse. 132, t. 18. f. 138.— Brit. Has.: Leight. n. 82; 
Mudd, n. 128; Bohl. n. 10; Cromb. n. 69. ° 
This, the “Cudbear Lichen ” of Scotland, is a variable plant as to the 
thallus and apothecia, whence the varieties and subspecies that follow. 
The thallus, which often spreads extensively over the substratum, is 
thick, at times very thick, rarely thinnish when the hypothallus is more 
distinctly visible at the circumference. A state with the verruce sub- 
globose, growing on Genista in Teesdale, was termed by Acharius var. 
grandinosa, Lich. Univ. p. 872; Cromb. Enum. J. ¢.; Leight. Lich. Fl. 
4.¢.; but this is a frequent character when corticolous, whence also var. 
arborea (DC. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 364), Schaer, Enum. p. 80; Mudd, Man. p. 156 
pro parte——The apothecia, which are numerous, are generally large and 
occasionally become proliferous. The spermogones are abundant, ver- 
ruceform, often congregate, with spermatia 0,005-7 mm, long, 0,0005 mm. 
thick (fide Nyl.). 
Hab. On rocks and old trunks of trees, rarely on the ground, in mari- 
time but chiefly mountainous districts to high altitudes. Distr. General 
and abundant in Great Britain and Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands. 
—B.M.: Island of Alderney. Near Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants ; 
Bolt Head and Dartmoor, Devonshire; Lamorna, near Penzance, Corn- 
wall; Cader Idris and Aberdovey, Merionethshire ; Conway Falls, Den- 
bighshire ; Clee Hill, Shropshire; Highcliff, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; 
Teesdale, Durham; Kentmere, Westmoreland; Alston, Cumberland ; 
The Cheviots, Northumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; 
Ayrshire; Pentland Hills and Dalmahoy Hill, near Edinburgh ; Kilmun, 
Ben Cruachan, and Barcaldine, Argyleshire; Glen Falloch, Finlarig, 
Craig Calliach, Ben Lawers, Amulree, Craig Vinean, and Craig Tulloch, 
Perthshire; Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; Crate Koynoch, Morrone, Ben- 
naboord, and Glen Callater, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Rothiemurchus 
‘Woods and Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire ; Larig, Sutherlandshire; Apple- 
cross, Ross-shire. Clonmel, co. Tipperary ; Doughruagh mts., Connemara, 
co. Galway. 
Var. 8. frigida Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 372.—Thallus effuse, 
thin, papillate, subspinulose or granulate. Apothecia small or sub- 
moderate, the thalline margin occasionally subspinulose.—Mnudd, 
Man. p. 156; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 40; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 188, 
ed. 3, p. 175: Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 49 (ut var. y).—Rinodina fri- 
gida Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 454. Lichen frigidus Sw. Meth. Musc. 
(1781) p. 36, t. 2.f.4; Eng. Bot. t. 1879; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 
p. 22. Lichen Upsaliensis Eng. Bot, t. 1634, Dicks. Crypt. fase. i. 
p. 12, t. ii. f. 7, and Lecanora tartarea 8. Upsaliensis Sm. Eng. Fl. 
v. p. 191, denote only espinulose states of this variety.— Brit, Ews.: 
Cromb. n. 70. 
Well distinguished by the thinner, more or less spinulose thallus, which 
on peaty or detrital soil becomes somewhat granulose. It is usually well 
fruited, bc eel at higher altitudes. A state with minute apothecia 
occasionally occurs, and is form mierocarpa Fr, fil. Lich. Scand. p. 234 ; 
Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 70. 
Hab. Incrusting mosses on the ground upon moorlands and mountains 
