470 LICHENACEI. [LECANORA. 
and occasionally bears pale-reddish cephalodia similar to those of Lecidea 
paneola, When growing in wet places by streams it is more expanded, 
of a livid-grey colour, non-cephalodiiferous, with the thalline margin 
of the apothecia usually obliterated (form rivularis, Cromb.). The 
apothecia are somewhat scattered, innate or at length nearly superficial, 
with the disc free at the circumference. 
Hab. On micaceo-schistose rocks in alpine places——Distr. Only very 
sparingly near the summits of two of the S. Grampians, Scotland.— 
B.M.: Ben Lawers and Craig Calliach, Perthshire. 
169. L. gibbosa Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F. et Fl. Fenn. Forh. n. s. 
v. (1866) p. 137.—Thallus determinate, thick, areolato-verrucose 
or gibbous, greyish, dark-grey or dark-greenish-brown (K—, 
CaCl—, medulla I—); hypothallus black, limiting the thallus. 
Apothecia at first immersed and concave, then emersed and plane, 
submoderate, black, naked; the thalline margin entire or slightly 
crenulate, persistent ; spores 6—Sne, rarely 4nzx, ellipsoid or sub- 
globose, large, 0,021—88 mm. long, 0,012-24 mm. thick ; paraphyses 
not discrete; hymenial gelatine pale-bluish, then tawny or sordid- 
wine-red with iodine.—Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 193, ed. 1, p. 209 
pro parte; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 55 pro parte.—Aspicilia gibbosa 
Mudd, Man. p. 162. Urceolaria gibbosa Sm. Eng, Fl. v. p. 172; 
Gray, Nat. Arr.i.p. 458. Lichen gibbosus Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 30.— 
Lichen gibbosus Dicks. Crypt. fase. ii. (1790) p. 20, t. vi. £5; With. 
Arr. ed. 3, p. 20, from the diagnosis and locality cited is evidently 
not this species.— Brit. Hvs.: Leight.n. 175; Cromb. n. 167; Larb. 
Lich. Hb. n. 220. 
A very variable plant presenting the varieties and subspecies that 
follow: while several states of the type itself were by older authors 
regarded as distinct species. In a young condition, especially when 
silicicolous, the predominating hypothallus, black and radiately sub- 
plumose, is everywhere visible, the thalline verrucee being more or less 
scattered. It is then Lichen fibrosus Eng. Bot. t. 17389; Urceolaria 
gibbosa var. B. fimbriata Ach., Gray Nat, Arr. i. p. 458, The same with 
the verrucee here and there greenish-sorediiferous, owing no doubt to 
habitat (moist flints), is Lecanora aspersa Borr. Eug. Bot. Suppl. t. 2728 ; 
Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 188. Another state, in which the thalline verruce are 
subglobular and often discrete, is Lichen tuberculosus Eng. Bot. t. 1738 ; 
Rinodina tuberculosu Gray Nat. Arr. i. p. 452; Lecanora tuberculosa Sm. 
Eng. Fl. v. p. 188. Occasionally the thalline margin of the young 
apothecia is coarctate or subcrenulate, whence forma porinoidea (Flot. 
Lich. Siles. i. p. 128) Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 194. All of these, how- 
ever, where the plant is very abundant (as in the Kentish locality), 
often pass into and are mixed up with each other in the same specimen. 
The spermogones, especially in younger states of the plant, are very 
frequent, with spermatia 0,009-0,012 mm. long, scarcely 0,001 mm. thick. 
(fide Nyl. Lich. Pyr. Or. Obs. nov. p. 59). 
Hab. On rocks and stones (chiefly flints) in maritime and hilly 
districts.—Distr. Local, though plentiful, in S., W,, and N. England; rare 
in Wales and in the 8.W. Highlands of Scotland; not seen from Ireland 
nor the Channel Islands.—B.M.: Ryde, Isle of Wight; Lydd Beach, 
Kent; Lewes, 8. Downs, St. Leonard’s, and Beachy Head, Sussex ; 
