LECANORA. ] LECANO-LECIDEEI, 475 
Only a well-marked form of this variety, characterized by the isolated 
areole, in each of which there is a central umbilicus indicating the 
abortive apothecia. Probably it may be only a very young condition. 
Hab. On calcareous stones of a wall in an upland situation.—Distr. 
Only very sparingly among the Central Grampians, Scotland.—B. M.: 
Glen Fender, Blair Athole, Perthshire. 
Var. y. Hoffmanni Somm. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. (1826) p. 102.— 
Thallus thinnish or thick, contiguous or subcontiguous, glaucescent. 
Apothecia elevated, moderate or somewhat large, the margin often 
rugoso-crenate; spores 0,021-34 mm. long, 0,016-18 mm. thick.— 
Cromb. Grevillea, xix. p. 57; Lich. Brit. p. 54 pro parte; forma 
Hoffmanni Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 209 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 193. 
Urceolaria Hoffmanni Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 459 pro parte. Lichen 
Hoffmanni Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 31; Engl. Bot. t. 1940.—Brit. 
Exs.: Mudd, n. 134. 
A very distinct variety, if not a subspecies, having much the general 
aspect of L. gibbosa, but belonging to L. calcarea, as shown by the 
spermatia, which in form and size are identical. From var. 8, with 
which it has often been confused, it differs in the more contiguous and 
differently coloured (at times subplumbeous) thallus and the less immersed 
apothecia. 
Hab. On rocks and walls (not exclusively calcareous) in maritime, but 
chiefly in hilly districts Distr. Only here and there in Great Britain ; 
apparently rare in N.W. Ireland.—B. M.: Beachy Head, Sussex; near 
Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Buxton, Derbyshire; Chance’s Pitch, Mal- 
vern, Worcestershire ; near Roseberry, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Levens, 
Westmoreland. Ben Cruachan, Argyleshire ; Glen Fender, Blair Athole, 
Perthshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire. Doughruagh mts., Connemara, 
co. Galway. 
173. L. verrucosa Nyl. Mém. Soc. Cherb. t. v. (1857) p. 113; 
Lich. Scand. p. 156.—Thallus effuse,’ verrucoso-unequal, naked or 
slightly pulverulent, white or glaucous-white (K—,CaCl—). Apo- 
thecia immersed in the verruce, moderate, concave, at length 
somewhat plane, blackish, naked or pruinose, the thalline margin 
thick, entire, inflexed; spores subellipsoid, large, 0,030-62 mm. 
long, 0,016-52 mm. thick; paraphyses not discrete; hymenial 
gelatine pale-bluish, then sordid-yellow or wine-red with iodine.— 
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 55; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 214, ed. 3, p. 200.— 
Aspicilia verrucosa Mudd, Man. p. 164. Urceolaria verrucosa Ach. 
Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 8339—Brit. Hxs.: Cromb. n. 73. 
Characterized by the white, usually more or less farinose thallus, by its 
place of growth, and by the large spores. The thallus varies somewhat 
in thickness and colour according to the habitat, while on more sterile 
soil it is smaller and determinate. The apothecia are numerous, at first 
ureeolate, then plane, the thalline margin rarely obsolete, when the 
proper margin, which is thin and blackish, becomes conspicuous. 
Hab. Incrusting mosses on rocks, rarely on the ground (chiefly cal- 
careous), in upland and subalpine situations.—Distr. Local in N. England 
