484 LICHENACET. [LECANORA. 
absent, so that the thallus is indeterminate and developed directly from 
the prothallus (cfr. Nyl. Pyr. Or. p. 84). The apothecia when present, 
for the plant is often sterile, at times remain persistently punctiform. 
Hab. On rocks, boulders, and walls from maritime to upland districts. 
—Distr. General and common in England; rarer in Scotland and the 
Channel Islands; apparently very rare in §.W. Ireland—B. M.: La 
Moye and L’Etacq, Island of Jersey; Island of Alderney. Gorleston, 
Suffolk; near Hastings, Sussex; Morwell Rocks, Devonshire; near 
Penzance, Cornwall; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; Ankerdine Hill, 
Worcestershire; Buckstone, near Monmouth, and Croesfaen, Monmouth- 
shire; Barmouth, Dolgelly, and Aberdovey, Merionethshire; Llyn 
Geirionydd, Carnarvonshire ; Oswestry and Haughmond Hill, Shropshire ; 
Ayton and Guisboro’ Moors, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Eglestone, Durham ; 
near Hexham, Northumberland; Staveley, Kendal, Westmoreland. 
King’s Park, Stirling ; Ballachulish, Argyleshire ; Craig Calliach, Perth- 
shire ; Portlethen, Iheardincahine ; The Stocket, near Aberdeen ; Apple- 
cross, Ross-shire. Dunkerron, co. Kerry. 
Var. 3. peliscyphoides Nyl. Flora, 1872, p. 364.—Thallus and 
apothecia as in L. peliocypha, but the thalline reaction K (CaCl) + 
reddish. —Lecanora’ peliscypha Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1873, p. 134; 
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 172 (quoad loc. cit.). 
A good variety entirely referable to this species, though externally 
similar to the preceding, for which the British specimens were originally 
taken. It is one of those lichens in which the Nylanderian reactions are 
most useful for the discrimination of plants which otherwise might 
readily be confounded. 
Hab. On walls in a maritime distinct.-_Distr. Only in N.E. Scotland, 
where in the locality given I believe it is plentiful—B. M.: About 
Portlethen, Kincardineshire. 
187. L. rufescens Nyl. Flora, 1872, p. 364, 1879, p. 356.— 
Thallus squamulose, rimoso-areolate or areolato-glebulose, reddish or 
reddish-brown (K(CaCl)—), dark beneath. Apothecia immersed, 
small, one or several immersed in each areola, at first concave then 
somewhat plane, the thalline margin irregular ; spores 0,003-4 mm. 
long, 0,001 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish, then tawny with 
iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea, xix. p. 58.—Urceolaria rufescens Sm. 
Eng. Fl. v. p. 178.  Lecidea rufescens Borr. Eng. Bot. Suppl. 
t. 2657. Acarospora cervina y. rufescens Mudd, Man. p. 159. 
Endocarpon smaragdalum 6. rufescens Leight. Angio. Lich. p. 16, 
t. . f.4, Sagedia rufescens Turn. in Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) 
p. 329. 
Often confounded with L. fuscata, but at once distinguished by the 
negative thalline reaction. It is more nearly related to L. smaragdula, 
of which it may probably be the more developed and typical condition, 
The apothecia are at times numerous and crowded. 
Hab. On rocks and walls, chiefly arenaceous, rarely schistose, in 
maritime and upland districts.—Distr. Only a very few localities in E. 
and N. England, Wales, and the S.W. Highlands of Scotland.—B. M. : 
Gorleston, Suffolk; Dolgelly, Merionethshire ; Ayton, Cleveland, York- 
shire. Appin, Argyleshire. 
