490 LICHENACEL, [LECANORA, 
197. L. simplex Nyl. in Cromb. Lich. Brit. (1870) p. 57.— 
Thallus obsolete. Apothecia lecideine, minute, plane, or concave, 
variously corrugate or plicate, black, the margin flexuose and irre- 
gularly crenate; spores very numerous, 0,003-6 mm. long, about 
0,001-2 mm. thick; hymenial gelatine bluish, then wine-red with 
iodine.—Lecanora squamulosa form simplex Leight. Lich. FI. p. 185, 
ed. 3, p. 170. -Acarospora cervina t. simplex Mudd, Man. p. 160. 
Lecidea simplex Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 179; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. 
p- 124. Lichen simplew Dav. Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. (1794) p. 283, 
t. 28. f.2; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 5; Eng. Bot. t. 2152 (two left- 
hand figs.). Rinodina privigna Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 450.—Brit. 
Exs.: Leight. nos. 272, 273. 
Well characterized by the form of the fruit and the very minute spores, 
Occasionally there are traces of a very thin, dark-brown or blackish 
thallus, but this is evidently foreign. The apothecia are rather variable, 
often crowded, rotundate or somewhat angular, with the disc, which is 
constantly black even when moistened, but little visible. When more 
rotundate with the disc rugose and the margin involute and rimulose, it 
is form strepsodina (Ach.) (Opegrapha Persoonii y. strepsodina Lich. 
Univ. p. 247). When more angulose and much gyroso-plicate as if gyro- 
pharold it is form complicata Cromb. Grevillea, xix. p. 58. Both of 
these, however, pass into and are frequently mixed up with more typical 
conditions. 
Hab. On rocks, chiefly schistose and calcareous, in maritime and moun- 
tainous districts.—Disty. Here and there throughout Great Britain and 
the Channel Islands; apparently rare in W. Ireland.—B. M.: La Moye, 
Island of Jersey ; Chateau Point, Island of Sark. Buckfastleigh, Ach- 
burton and Ilfracombe, Devonshire ; Tintagel, Withiel, and Penzance, 
Cornwall; Barmouth, Dolgelly, and Capel Arthog, Merionethshire ; 
Bangor, Carnarvonshire; Island of Anglesea; north of Douglas, Isle of 
Man; Hexham, Northumberland. Barcaldine and Ballachulish, Argyle- 
shire; Craig Calliach, Ben Lawers, and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire ; South 
of Bay of Nigg, Kincardineshire; Craig Guie and Morrone, Braemar, 
Aberdeenshire. Dunkerron, co. Kerry; Glencorbol, Connemara, co. 
Galway. 
Form herpes Cromb. Grevillea, xix. (1891) p.58.—Apothecia very 
minute, punctiform, impressed.—Sarcogyne simplex var, herpes 
Norm. Bot. Not. 1878, p. 34. 
Readily overlooked from being scarcely visible to the naked eye. 
Probably it is only a poorly developed state depending on the nature of 
the substratum. 
Hab. On shady schistose rocks in a maritime locality.— Distr. Only 
very sparingly in the W. Highlands of Scotland.—B. M.: Ballachulish, 
Argyleshire. 
61. DIRINA Fr. Pl. Hom. (1825) p. 244; Nyl. Mém. Soc. 
Cherb. iii. p. 180.—Thallus crustaceous, continuous or rimulose, 
containing chrysogonidia. Apothecia tuberculoso-lecanorine ; spores 
8nx, fusiform, 3-septate, colourless; hypothecium thick, black ; 
paraphyses slender, not very discrete; hymenial gelatine wine- 
