506 LICHENACEI, [PERTUSARIA. 
In general appearance not unlike P. communis, but differs in the colour 
of the thallus, the form of the apothecia, and more especially in the 8- 
spored thecee. The thallus is at times widely expanded, and is often 
almost entirely covered with the numerous crowded verruce, which 
trom mutual pressure become much deformed. By the confluence of the 
ostiola when there are more than one in the same verruca, the apothecia 
assume a discoid aspect with a thick, inflexed, rugoso-crenate thalloid 
margin. The spermogones are not unfrequent, with spermatia 0,013-23 
mm. long, 0,0005 mm. thick. 
Hab. On trunks of trees, chiefly in forests and large woods, from 
maritime to upland districts— Distr. General and not uncommon in 
England; apparently rare in Scotland and Ireland.—B. M.: Sotterly, 
Ugley, and Ey arnouth, Suffolk; Epping and Hainault Forests, Kssex; 
Penshurst, Kent; St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex; New Forest, Hants; 
near Totnes and Lustleigh, S. Devon; Bocconoc and Withiel, Cornwall ; 
Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; Dolgelly and Aberdovey, Merioneth- 
shire; Trefriw, Denbighshire; near Conway, Carnarvonshire; Oswestry 
and Llanyblodwell, Shropshire; Ingleby Park, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; 
Teesdale Forest, Durham; Keswick, Cumberland. Barcaldine, Argyle- 
shire ; Craig Calliach and Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Durris, Kincardine- 
shire; Craig Cluny, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Castlebernard Park, co. 
Cork ; Dinish, Killarney, co. Kerry. 
Form 1. carnea Fr. Lich. Eur. (1831) p. 424.—Thallus as in the 
type. Apothecia with the disc protruded, tumid and flesh-coloured. 
—Cromb. Grevillea, xix. p. 59.—Thelotrema hymenium vay. y. car- 
neum Turn. & Borr. Lich. Br. (1849) p. 185. 
Evidently a monstrosity with abortive fructification. Though the 
thallus is said by Turner and Borrer to be thin and filmy on the bark of 
cherry and holly, yet when growing on beeches it is quite as in the type. 
Hab. On the bark of trees in wooded upland tracts.—Distr. Very local 
and scarce in S. England.—B. M.: New Forest, Hants; Toy’s Hill, 
Canterbury, Kent. 
Form 2. sparsilis Nyl. ea Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, (1879) p. 232. 
—Thallus scanty, whitish-yellow, the fertile verruce few, distantly 
scattered ; otherwise as in the type. 
A rather singular condition, depending probably upon the habitat. In 
the few fragments seen the thallus is little visible. 
Hab. On moist shady rocks in an upland situation.— Distr. Only very 
sparingly in W. Ireland.—B. M.: Lough Inagh, Connemara, co. Galway. 
Var. f. glabrescens Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 71.—Thallus thin, 
smoothish or slightly rugulose, yellowish-grey or greyish-green. 
Apothecia with the epithecium subrimose, blackish.—Cromb. Gre- 
villea, xix. p. 59. . 
Apparently a good variety characterized by the thinner, smoother 
thallus and the form of the epithecium. In the single British specimen 
the fertile verruce are mostly somewhat scattered. 
_ Hab. On the trunks of holly in a mountainous district.—Distr. Only 
in the 8.W. Highlands of Scotland, though probably to be detected else- 
where.—B, M.: Barcaldine, Argyleshire. 
