516 LICHENACEL, [URCHOLARIA. 
spores 4-8ne, oblong or ellipsoid, septate and murali-divided, at 
first colourless, then dark ; paraphyses slender ; hymenial gelatine 
scarcely tinged or tawny with iodine. Spermogones with some- 
what branched sterigmata and cylindrical spermatia. 
A small but well-marked genus, whose systematic place has been 
variously viewed by authors, Evidently, however, it is in this subtriba 
as now definitely fixed by Nylander. From Thelotrema, to which it is 
subsimilar in the structure of the apothecia, it differs chiefly in the 
green gonidia of the thallus and in the form of the sterigmata. 
Fig. 74. 
Urceolaria seruposa Ach.—A. A theca with spores and a paraphysis, x 250. 
B. Two spores, x 350, OC. Sterigmata and spermatia of subsp. U. bryophila, 
x 500. 
1. U. scruposa Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 147; Lich. Univ. p. 338.— 
Thallus determinate, tartareo-farinose, verrucoso-rugose, continuous 
or areolato-diffract, greyish or greyish-white (K —> CaCl t red, 
I 4 ue Apothecia moderate, black or blackish, usually cxsio- 
pruinose, the proper margin connivent, greyish-black, the thalline 
margin thick, rugose or slightly crenulate on the inner side; 
spores 5-septate, muriform, ellipsoideo-oblong, 0,026-38 mm. long, 
0,012-15 mm. thick; paraphyses brown at the apices.—Mudd, 
Man. p. 165; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 234, ed. 3, p. 239; Tayl. in 
Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 182; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 172; Gray, Nat. Arr. 
i. p. 459.—Lecanora scruposa Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 58. Lichen 
scruposus Linn, Mant. ii. (1771) p. 181; Eug. Bot. t. 266; With. 
Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 19; Dicks. Crypt. fase. i. p. 11. Lichenoides 
crustaceum et leprosum, scutellis nigricantibus majoribus et minoribus 
Dill. Muse. 133, t. 18. f. 15 B.—Brit. Hus.: Leight. nos. 54, 
379; Mudd, n. 137; Cromb. n. 75; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 186. 
An easily recognized species which can scarcely be confounded with 
any other lichen. In some habitats it spreads rather extensively, while 
it varies in the thickness of the thallus. The apothecia are also 
variable in size, from punctiform becoming moderate or somewhat large, 
and are either somewhat scattered or at times crowded. The spermo- 
puss are not uncommon, with spermatia 0,005-6 mm. long, 0,001 mm. 
thick. 
