518 LICHENACEI, [ URCEOLARIA, 
Blaeberry Hill, and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire; Morrone and Craig Guie, 
Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Deer Park, Belfast, co. Antrim; near Kilcully, 
co. Cork; Killarney, co. Kerry ; Glen Inagh, Connemara, co. Galway. 
2. U. gypsacea Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 338.—Thallus thick, 
soft, continuous, rugoso-unequal, pulverulent, white (K—, CaCl : 
red, I_). Apothecia moderate, black, caesio-pruinose ; the thalline 
margin tumid, inflexed, the proper margin subrugose; spores 
(rarely 2ne) 5-septate, muriform, ellipsoid, 0,033-57 mm. long, 
0,016-24 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xix. p. 60.—JU. scruposa 
forma gypsacea Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 284, ed. 3, p. 239. Urceolaria 
scruposa (3. albissima Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 147 (nomen informe). 
Usually considered as only a variety of LZ. urceolata differing in the 
softer, white, pulverulent thallus, this has now been rightly ila 
by Nylander on account of the negative reaction on the medulla with 
iodine (vide Nérrl. Fl. Karel. Oneg. p. 27). We have thus another 
instance of the judgment of older authors being confirmed by modern 
pee tests. In the British specimens the apothecia are more or less 
scattered. 
Hab. On calcareous and cretaceous rocks in maritime and_ upland 
tracts.—Distr. Only a very few localities in S. and Central England, 
S. Wales, and W. Ireland; probably often overlooked.—B.M.: The 
Downs, Lewes, Sussex; Bathampton Downs, Somersetshire; N. Derby- 
shire. Aberdw Rocks, Brecknockshire. Glencorbot, co. Galway. 
3. U. actinostoma Pers. ca Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 288.— 
Thallus subdeterminate, thickish, smooth, rimoso-areolate, the 
areola more or less convex, greyish white (K—, CaCl+red, Ty oo 
Apothecia minute, immersed, one or several in each areola, sub- 
globose, at length explanate, blackish, cesio-pruinose, the proper 
margin finely plicato-striate; the thalline margin thick, entire or 
slightly crenulate; paraphyses very slender, intricate; spores Sne, 
ovoid or ellipsoid, 5—6-septate, muriform, 0,030-34 mm. long, 
0,016-20 mm. thick.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1885, p. 196. : 
A singular species with much the aspect of a Verrucaria, in which 
genus it was placed by Acharius (/.c.). In the essential characters, 
however, of the fructification it is clearly an Urceolaria, the apothecia, 
though long remaining as if verrucarioid, having the disk ultimately open, 
plane and margined as in the other species of the genus, The British 
specimens are scarcely typical, but belong rather to the following variety. 
Var. 3. cxwsioplumbea Nyl. Flora, 1873, p.'70.—Thallus some- 
what shining, greyish leaden-coloured ; otherwise as in the type.— 
Cromb. Grevillea, xix. p. 60. 
Differs in the characters given, though perhaps only as a well-marked 
form depending on the habitat. 
Hab. On rocks in maritime districts—Distr. Only very sparingly 
in the Channel Islands and N.W. England.-B.M.: Chateau Point, 
Island of Sark. St. Bees, Cumberland. 
