396 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



the lower throat; lower belly white. Female: Like the male but duller 

 in coloration ; the blue more or less veiled with greenish. Young: Resemble 

 the female. 



Length 4.50-4.75 inches; extent 7-7.50; wing cf 2.42, 9- 2.25; tail 

 c? 1.7, 9 1.62; bill .41. 



Distribution. Breeds from northern Minnesota, central Ontario, 

 and Cape Breton, to Texas, Alabama and Virginia. Winters in the West 

 Indies, Mexico and Central America. This species breeds throughout 

 New York State, but is local in distribution during the nesting season, 

 being confined to swamps and gullies which produce a growth of gray 

 moss or usnea. It is probably commoner as a breeding species in the swamps 

 of Long Island and in the Catskill and Adirondack districts than in other 

 portions of the State, although I have noticed a few pairs nesting in the 

 gullies of the Finger Lake region and in various scattered peat swamps 

 of western New York. In the North Woods it is fairly common, as I 

 noticed in the swamps about the Ausable lakes. Elk lake and the Boreas 

 ponds and as my assistants found in nearly every portion of the Adirondacks, 

 yet it is by no means generally distributed in the North Woods, but almost 

 entirely confined to the swamps. During the migration season it is a 

 common transient in nearly all portions of the State, arriving in the spring 

 from the ist to the loth of May, the average date in southern New York 

 being the 5th, but sometimes appearing by the 26th or 27th of April. In 

 the fall the return migration begins the 15th to the 31st of August and 

 ends between the 5th and the 20th of October. 



Haunts and habits. During the migrations, the Panila warbler 

 associates with the Dendroicas among the foliage of our shade trees and 

 orchards, being most common about the time of the bursting of the apple 

 blossoms, usually seen in about equal abundance with the Chestnut-sided 

 warbler in most localities of central New York. As soon as he reaches 

 his summer home, however, he is practically confined to the swamps and 

 bogs of the Catskills and Adirondacks, and the damper localities of our 

 swamps and ravines in western New York, and in similar situations along 

 the coastal district, preferring, during the nesting season, evergreen trees, 



