BIRDS OF NEW YORK 425 



breast black, tipped with yellowish white;, the other markings paler and 

 less sharply defined than in the male. Young: Sometimes lack all traces 

 of black on the throat and breast. Fall birds in general more brownish 

 above and the black markings on the male veiled with yellowish white 

 feather tips. 



Length 5 inches; extent 7.7-8; wing 2.46; tail 2; bill .4; tarsus .16. 



Distribution. Breeds from northeastern Alberta, southern Manitoba, 

 central Ontario, northeastern Quebec and Newfoundland to southern 

 Minnesota, northern Ohio, northern New Jersey, Long Island and Con- 

 necticut, and in the AUeghanies to Georgia. Winters in Mexico and Central 

 America. In New York it is one of our most abundant breeding species 

 throughout the Canadian zone of the Adirondacks and Catskills, in the 

 mixed and evergreen forests of all portions of the State, especially in the 

 hemlock woodlands near the Pennsylvania border, in the wooded gullies 

 of the central lake region, in all the cooler swamps of central and western 

 New York, and locally in southeastern New York, even on Long Island, 

 as reported by Roosevelt in the vicinity of Oyster Bay; and in Suffolk 

 county by Helme and Worthington. On the whole, it seems to be slightly 

 more boreal in distribution than the Chestnut-sided warbler, as indicated 

 by its New York distribution, but like that species is found locally, at least, 

 breeding in all portions of the State. During the migrations it is one 

 of the most abundant species, arriving from the 23d of April to the 7th of 

 May, the average date being May 3 in western New York, and passing 

 on to the north from May 25 to 31. In the fall the last individuals are 

 seen between the loth and 26th of October. In my experience for 10 

 years in Monroe county, this species is one of the hardiest warblers, usually 

 being the third on the list to arrive, following close after the Myrtle and 

 Pine warblers during the last week of April. 



Haunts and habits. The Black-throated green- warbler prefers a 

 mixed or evergreen forest during the nesting season, especially forests 

 of hemlock, pine and spruce, trees of second growth being especially 

 attractive to it. Its usual " beat " is half way up the full-grown ever- 

 greens, or in the upper third of the second growth trees of 30 to 50 feet. 



