40 THE ANTARCTIC MANUAL. 
1. In the northern belt the following surface temperatures were 
observed at noon :— 
54° 33' 8. : ‘ ‘ 48°-0 
56° 41’ : . . 44°°1 
58° 47’ ; . ‘ 39°°9 
61° 11’ : : ‘ 37°°9 
2. From 63° S. temperatures below 32° were observed, and up to 
the parallel of 66° almost all the observations lay between 28° and 30°. 
3. Inside the belt of pack-ice, between 66° and 68° S., the water 
showed a constant temperature of 28°°0. 
4. Between 68° and 70° S. the records ranged between 28°°9 and 
28°°0. 
5. Within the Antarctic circle the sea had a constant temperature 
of 28°-9. In the same latitude and at the same season, Ross had a 
mean value of 29°-1. 
Pressure—The barometer readings need some correction, and it 
would be very desirable to have them discussed. The maximum 
observed within the polar zone was 29°30 ins., and the minimum 
28-10 ins. The persistent low pressure in high latitudes round the 
South Pole is, therefore, confirmed by this expedition. 
Winds—tThe force is regular, and the direction seems to have been 
recorded regularly. Of the former we give daily mean values in the 
general table. If we reduce these to eight points we obtain the 
following short table :— 
Frequency N. | NE] EB ss. | 8. | 8.w.| Ww. | N.w. |OALM. | TOTAL. 
Percentages. 
December (4-31) ..| 4°3 | 3°5 | 2°8 | 0:0 | 8:2 |16°3 | 35-8 | 19-1 | 10°0 | 100°0 
January .. .. ..| 9°0 | 7°3 /17°8 | 4°5 17°3 | 8-2 | 19°5 | 6:2 | 10°2 | 100-0 
Mean Force (0—10). 
December (4-31) ..| 4°5 | 3°0 | 2°8 | — | 2°9/ 4:6] 4:3 | 4:2 
January .. .. ..{ 2°6 | 3-3 | 6-0 | 3-9 | 4:-4/3-8| 5:0] 34 
The change which took place between December and January is 
remarkable; the Westerly equatorial winds gave way to Easterly 
polar winds, and at the same time the force increased considerably. 
In January anticyclones seem to have appeared frequently in the 
south-east, and this seems to indicate the presence of a land area 
covered with ice. 
Weather.—The suggestion which has just been expressed is con- 
firmed by the fact that, as a rule, clear weather came with Southerly 
and Easterly winds. In December there were eight “clear” days, 
