42 THE ANTARCTIC MANUAL. 
covered with slush and ice. When going along close to the ice 
during the next three weeks we got continually an air-temperature 
under 32° F.; the minimum was only 27°°5 F., but this was 
sufficient to produce some disadvantages. The pumps, the fresh- 
water tanks, the steam-pipes which supplied one of the sounding- 
machines, were frozen, and sometimes the ship was totally covered 
with snow, as in the hardest winter. 
As to the details, we got the West winds up to about 20° E. long., 
in 553° S. lat. On December 4 we seemed to lose the stormy West 
winds and to reach their polar side, for the character of the weather 
for the entire distance from 20° to 60° E. long. to 65° S. lat. was 
totally altered. We had light winds, mostly from the East, of force 
1-3 of Beaufort’s scale at most, with calms and often perfectly smooth 
sea, not even a ripple, on December 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 
21; that is, on 70 per cent. of the seventeen days we spent South of 
55° lat. On the remaining 30 per cent. of those days we had 
moderate to strong winds, but also from the East, North-east and 
North, and even storms from the East ; at any rate, no sign of West 
winds during all these weeks. 
This weather by itself was favourable for our work, but the 
frequent fog and overcast grey sky prevented us sometimes, on the 
other hand, from going on. As soon as we had passed 55° S. lat. on 
our way northward, this time to the East, in the longitude of 
Kerguelen, we again met with the stormy West winds, and Westerly 
storms accompanied us up to Kerguelen. There remains still one 
remarkable thing, that is, the change of the barometer. You might 
expect that, beyond the stormy West winds, that is, south to about 
55° lat., in the light East winds and good weather the barometer 
rose again, and that we had a relatively high pressure of the air. 
To my surprise, we got the following results from the registering 
instrument :— 
Within the West-wind region, mean, 29”°51; and in their Western 
part (Bouvet), 29°63; and in their Eastern part (Kerguelen), 29":40, 
Within the East-wind region, mean, 29"-32. 
The most Southerly regions had the lowest average of atmospheric 
pressure; we have not yet found a rising of the barometer towards 
the pole ora trace of an Antarctic auticyclone, not even near Enderby 
Land. 
G. SCHOTT. 
