44 THE ANTARCTIC MANUAL. 
higher than was to be expected from the three years’ observations of 
Ross (but certainly the results given above are only approximate). 
Ross gives as means for the summer in 66°S., 29°123; in 74° 8., 
28°993 ; the Belgian figure (also for the summer, in about 70° 8.) is 
29°300. As the variations of pressure in the several seasons are 
considerable, we must wait for the results of the projected expeditions 
before we can come to any definite conclusions as to the increase of 
pressure in the highest Southern latitudes. 
M. Argtowski concludes from the monthly means that the 
annual curve shows maxima at the solstices, and minima at the 
equinoxes. Such a curve would not be so improbable, for the 
normal, or theoretical, winter minimum of the circumpolar region is 
masked by a maximum at the time of greatest cold, in the lowest 
strata, so that the only minima which remain are in spring and 
autumn. In this case, too, we must wait for further observations. 
The calculated annual range is as follows: 
29°320 + +137 sin (216°°8 + x) + 0°150 sin (135°°0 + 22). 
Il. Lemperature of the Antarctic Winter—The Belgian South 
Pole Expedition has supplied us with the first data about the winter 
temperature of the Antarctic regions, a subject which has excited 
very great scientific interest, inasmuch as hitherto we have had 
nothing but summer temperatures from high Southern latitudes. 
The mean of the twenty-four hourly observations have been as yet 
only approximately calculated. The results are as follows: 
TEMPERATURE IN SOUTHERN POLAR SEA, Mar. 1898 ro Fzs. 1899. 
(70°-71° S. lat., 85°-95° W. long.) 
OBSERVED MEANs. 
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.-| May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | Year. 
9 fe} oO fe) ie} 
29°8 | 30°2 | 15°6 | 10°8 | 20°3 | 4°1 |—10°3) 11°7 | —1°3) 18-0 | 19°8 | 28-0 | 14°7 
YeARLY Megan, SmooTHED, First APPROXIMATION. 
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | Year. 
28-9 | 29°8 | 24-8 | 13-4] G1 | O-7 | O-7 | 4:3 | 7-2 | 13-6 | 18-7] 24-3 | 14-7 
Montuiy Minima. 
Jan. Feb. Mar. | Apr. May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | Year. 
17:4 | 14-7 | —4°5 | —15°7)-13+2| 220) -34-8|-21-3|—45-6|-15-2)— 6-5| 5-9 |~45-6 
