ANTARCTIC CLIMATE. 45 
The monthly maxima are, unfortunately, not given, as “ they are 
of less interest.” In the winter, maxima of 30° to 32° were noted ; 
in summer these figures rose to 34° or 36°; so that the range is very 
slight. : 
Inasmuch as the monthly means for the one year’s observations 
show a very irregular course, as is usually the case with observations 
from the sea at high polar latitudes, I have attempted to obtain the 
equation of the yearly march of temperature. I have carried out the 
calculation to the fourth term, but have convinced myself that it would 
be best to stop at the second term, and have accordingly done so. 
The annual equation for the temperature is, accordingly, 
14°-7 4 14°-2 sin (86°°2 + 2) + 2°°2 sin (3°°1 + 22). 
By means of this formula I have calculated the monthly temperatures, 
which may be taken as the most probable temperature means. 
The winter is relatively mild for high latitudes, but the summer 
very cold, just as Nansen found it in the Arctic Ocean, but in a 
latitude ten degrees higher. ‘The winter minimum of — 45°°6 was 
recorded at 4 a.m. on September 8, and is unexpectedly low. 
The mean temperatures for the séasons are : 
Summer. Autumn. Winter. Spring. Year. 
Observed 29°°3 15°°6 1°°8 12°°0 14°°7 
Calculated 27°°7 15°°4 1°°9 11°°8 14°°7 
The annual range of temperature should be 29°-2, but the observed 
range 40°°5 is certainly much greater. 
The projected expeditions from Germany and England ought to 
supply us with more precise data as to the winter temperatures of 
high Southern latitudes. 
J. Hann. 
THE FIRST METEOROLOGICAL COMPLETE YEAR FROM 
THE SOUTH POLAR REGIONS. 
By Dr. SuPAN. 
(Meteorologische Zeitschrift, vol. xvii. pp. 220-223.) 
I Have taken M. Argtowski’s figures and have somewhat condensed 
them, and have brought them together in a modified form in the 
subjoined tables, and it has appeared to me advisable to reduce 
