48 THE ANTARCTIC MANUAL. 
Temperature. Pressure. Wind Frequency Percentages of all 
aro Observations. 
Mean. | Abs. Min.| Mean. | Abs. Range. 
1898 : ins. ins. N.| NE. | E.| SE. | S. | SW. | W.| NW. 
March 15°6 | — 4:4] 29°19 1-40 | 5 | 12 |18] 11 [16] 15 /17] 6 
April 10°8 | —15°7 | 28°96 1:54) 8) 6 [20) 21 |11} 7 {13} 14 
May 20°3 | —18°4 | 29°38 1:34 |}30) 20 |6) 4 | 2] 1 |16] 21 
June 4-1 —22°0 “51 1:46 1/5] 8 |9| 7 | 5] 15 /38] 13 
July —-10°3 | —34°8 “44 117°) 5) 1 /11] 18 |19) 15 |22) 9 
August |—11'7 | —21°3 "42 1:96 |9/ 9 | 7} 6 | 3} 12 |80) 24 
Sept. — 1:3 | —45°6 *B5 1°52 |12; 19 |14} 8 |11) 11 |16] 9 
Oct. 18-0 | —15°3 32 1°69 |12} 10 |8| 3 | 94 18 /22) 18 
Nov. 19°8 | — 65 37 0°90 |11} 22 |24) 7 | 7] 11 |11) 7 
Dec. 28°0 | + 5:9 “46 0°87 | 2) 16 |26) 18 | 7] 16 |12) 38 
1899 
Jan. 29°8 | +17°4 42 1:06 | 2] 380 |82; 19 |9] 6 |2] 0 
Feb. 80°2 | +14°7 “00 1°30 | 9] 18 |28} 22 |7] 4 | 8 
Autumn| 15°6 | —15-7 “18 1°96 |15] 13 |14/] 12 /10} 8 /15) 13 
Winter 19°8 | ~—34°8 46 2°16 |6}] 6 |9j 10 | 8} 14 |381) 16 
Spring 12:0 | —45°6 “81 1°80 |11] 16 |15; 6 | 9 | 14 /17] 12 
Summer; 29°3 | + 5°9 29 1°67 | 4] 22 |29/ 19 | 8] 9 |7] 2 
Year 14°7 | —45°6 | 29°32 2°20 19) 14 /17) 12 |} 9] 11 {17} 11 
conditions, but it furnishes us with a very interesting problem if we 
compare the results with those from the Arctic regions. It is a 
well known fact that at all land stations in the North Polar regions, 
up to lat. 82°°5 N., we have summer temperatures above 32°, even 
with the stations on the edge of the inland ice of Greenland; in 
every place the influence of the land from which the snow has gone 
makes an impression on the temperature of the lower strata of the 
atmosphere. In the ice of the sea it is different, as we see from the 
observations from the Fram, in Nansen’s account of his journey (2nd 
edition). 
There we find :— 
Mean of Mean of 
warmest month. summer. 
1894 in 81° lat. N... 0... 32°°5 30°°6 
1895 ,, 84°°0) wwe 31°°5 28°°8 
These temperatures are, considering the latitude, incomparably 
higher than those of the Belgica in lat. 70° S. We might suppose 
