208 THE ANTARCTIC MANUAL. 
The bottle-nosed whale of the Southern seas was described, in 
1882, by Sir W. H. Flower as a distinct species, under the name of 
Hyperiodon planifrons, on the evidence of a battered skull from the 
Dampier Archipelago; and Dr. Moreno* has shown that this form 
is a perfectly valid species, met with on both sides of lower South 
America. Bottle-nosed whales, which must not be confounded with 
the dolphins of the same name, grow to thirty or forty feet in length, 
and are remarkable for the great elevation of the forehead of the old 
males above the beak. They are dark-coloured, and have a single 
pair of pointed teeth near the front of the lower jaw. Information 
is required as to how far south bottle-nosed whales occur. 
The beaked whales of the sub-family Ziphiinew appear to be more 
numerous in the seas of the Southern Hemisphere than elsewhere, but 
how far towards the South Pole they are in the habit of wandering is 
still unknown, although three species have been recorded as occuring 
on the coasts of Patagonia.t From twenty to twenty-five feet is the 
ordinary length of these whales, which are generally dark-coloured 
above and light beneath. As their name implies, they are distinctly 
beaked, and they carry a back fin. They have one (occasionally two) 
pair of large and generally compressed teeth, situated about the 
middle of the lower jaw; and these, in Mesoplodon layardi attain 
an enormous length, growing in a strap-like form right across the 
upper jaw, and only allowing the mouth to open to a very limited 
degree. Ziphius cavirostris, Z. chatamensis, Mesoplodon australis, and 
the aforesaid M. layardi, are the best known Southern types. A 
desideratum in collections is Berardius arnuxit, typically from Chat- 
ham Island, which is at present represented in the British Museum 
only by a single tooth. One of the features of the genus is the great 
basal extent of this tooth, which is much compressed. As none of 
these cetaceans are of a large size—that is to say, comparatively 
speaking—no great difficulty should be experienced in preparing and 
storing skeletons of any examples that might be taken. Photographs 
and sketches of these cetaceans, in the flesh, should also be taken if 
opportunities occur. 
The remarks in the two preceding sentences apply with equal 
force in the case of the dolphins and porpoises found in the Southern 
oceans, of which our knowledge is still extremely imperfect. Any 
specimens, with authenticated localities, would be valuable. 
* Op cit. + Of. Moreno, op. cit. 
