228 THE ANTARCTIC MANUAL, 
far as Campbell Island, in 52° 33'S.; while, according to Dr. Meyer, 
it has once wandered to Java. Another, the ‘Macaroni Penguin’ 
(C. chrysolophus), comes within the limit of mention, inasmuch as it 
breeds on South Georgia, where it begins to lay in the last days of 
October (Steinen), which is very early for any species of Penguin; it 
also propagates in the Falklands, and eastward on the Prince Edward 
and Marion group, Kerguelen and Heard Islands. A third and 
closely related species of this genus is C. schlegeli, confined to the 
New Zealand seas, as far south as the Macquarie Islands. Meya- 
dyptes antipodum, another crested species, also reaches as far as 
Campbell Island. The small Penguins of the genus Ludyptula, of 
Australian and New Zealand waters, are far north of my limit. Of 
the genus Spheniscus, which is restricted to the seas of South Africa 
and South America, only the ‘Jackass Penguin’ (S. magedlanicus) 
deserves mention, because it breeds on South Georgia and the Falk- 
lands. The distinctive characters of these species on the edge of the 
limit are given in the Appendix. 
Passing to the widely distributed family of the Petrels (Zubinares), 
we find Wiison’s StoRM PETREL (Occanites oceanicus) among the few 
species which occur within the Antarctic circle. This bird is not 
much larger than our familiar ‘Mother Carey’s Chicken, from which, 
as from any other of the small blackish Petrels, it can be distinguished 
by its unusually long legs, and the bright yellow colour of the webs 
between the toes. It was observed by Dr. McCormick hovering, like 
a swallow or martin, over the mast-heads of the Hrebus when in the 
pack; and, on the third attempt to go Southwards, examples (now 
in the British Museum) were obtained off Louis Philippe Land, in 
January 1843. These birds were evidently incubating at no great 
distance, as their breasts were bare of feathers. Surgeon Webster, of 
H.M.S. Chanticleer, refers to the abundance of this species at Decep- 
tion Island, one of the South Shetlands; and I venture the surmise 
that this may be the small Petrel which the German expedition 
found breeding at the end of December 1882, on South Georgia, and 
which is called 0. melanogaster by Steinen. The Belgica obtained 
specimens in Gerlache Strait in January 1898, as well as in the 
pack at about 70° S. and 87° W., in January 1899. The Challenger 
Expedition secured several off the ice-barrier in February 1874, and 
examples were obtained on the Southern Cross expedition between 
63°-66° S. and 161°-166° E. The first breeding-place definitely 
made known was, however, in Kerguelen Island, where the bird was 
discovered by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, the naturalist to the Transit of 
Venus expedition, in 1874-5. He found the single egg belonging to 
