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XVIII. 
ZOOLOGY: 
ON THE ABYSMAL FAUNA OF THE ANTARCTIC REGION. 
By Artuur E. SuHipuey, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Christ’s 
College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer in the Advanced 
Morphology of the Invertebrata. 
THE area I have selected in the following essay” is, roughly speak- 
ing, a triangle, the apex of which is situated on the 80th meridian of 
E. longitude, almost exactly south of Ceylon, at a latitude of 65° 42'S., 
a little north of the Antarctic circle. Here the southernmost dredg- 
ing of the Challenger was taken. The western leg of the triangle, 
stretching by way of Heard Island, Kerguelen, the Crozets, to Prince 
Edward and Marion Islands, reached station 146 of the Challenger 
expedition,f a little to the west of the last-named islands, in lat. 46° 
46'S, and long. 45° 3’ E. The eastern leg extended to station 159, 
nearly south of Adelaide, and a little north of the 50th parallel. The 
depth of the sea in this area varies between 1000 and 2000 fathoms. 
It will be noticed that the angle described practically subtends the 
whole of the Indian Ocean. 
Although the waters in the region are cold, and may be termed 
sub-antarctic, the wealth of life in the ocean is abundant.t After 
passing lat. 50 S. enormous quantities of Diatoms are recorded in the 
surface waters, and with the Diatoms were Radiolaria. The spoils of 
* In the preparation of part of this essay I was greatly helped by my friend 
Mr. C. Crossland, of Clare College, Cambridge. 
+ At the end of this article will be found a list of the stations mentioned in our 
area, their position, the temperature of the water at the surface and on the bottom, the 
nature of the ocean floor and the depth of the sounding. A further list of the positions 
of the stations mentioned, but not included in the district, is also added. 
t In the systematic part of this essay I have considered the various phyla of the 
Invertebrate Metazoa that occur in the Antarctic deep seas, and the Tunicata. I have 
omitted the Protozoa, since these animals come better under the heading of deposits of 
the ocean floor. 
i R 
